What is the primary cause of immunodeficiency disorders?
Environmental factors
Genetic or inherited defects
Autoimmune reactions
Excessive production of white blood cells
The Correct Answer is B
Explanation: The correct answer is b. Genetic or inherited defects. Immunodeficiency disorders are primarily caused by genetic mutations or defects that result in a weakened or impaired immune system.
Incorrect choices:
a. While environmental factors can contribute to the development of secondary immunodeficiency disorders, they are not the primary cause of most immunodeficiency disorders.
c. Autoimmune reactions are not the primary cause of immunodeficiency disorders. Autoimmune disorders involve the immune system attacking the body's own tissues, not a deficiency in the immune system.
d. Excessive production of white blood cells is not the primary cause of immunodeficiency disorders. In fact, immunodeficiency disorders are characterized by a deficiency or impairment of white blood cells, which are essential components of the immune system.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The correct answer is c. Ataxia-telangiectasia. Ataxia-telangiectasia is a rare genetic disorder that affects the cerebellum, causing poor muscle coordination (ataxia) and small, dilated blood vessels (telangiectasias). It also leads to defective T-cell function, making affected individuals more susceptible to infections.
Incorrect choices:
a. X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder that primarily affects B-cell function, leading to a lack of mature B cells and low levels of immunoglobulins, but does not involve defective T-cell function.
b. Selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency is characterized by a deficiency of IgA, but it does not typically lead to defective T-cell function.
d. DiGeorge syndrome is caused by a deletion on chromosome 22 and primarily affects the development of certain organs, including the thymus and parathyroid glands, resulting in T-cell deficiency. While it may lead to some B-cell abnormalities, defective T-cell function is the hallmark of this disorder.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Explanation: The correct answer is d. Immunoglobulin levels. Immunoglobulin levels, specifically IgG, IgM, and IgA, are commonly measured to assess immune function and identify deficiencies in immunoglobulin production. Abnormalities in immunoglobulin levels can indicate the presence of an immunodeficiency disorder.
Incorrect choices:
a. A complete blood count (CBC) provides information about various blood components, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, but it does not specifically assess immune function.
b. A chest X-ray may be used to evaluate the condition of the lungs and detect infections, but it is not a specific test for immunodeficiency disorders.
c. Allergy skin testing is used to diagnose allergies and assess the body's response to allergens, but it is not a diagnostic test for immunodeficiency disorders.
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