Which of the following best describes alogia?
Lack of motivation.
No empathy.
Reduction in quantity of words spoken.
Inability to experience pleasure.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Lack of motivation. Avolition, not alogia, refers to a severe lack of motivation to initiate and sustain goal-directed activities. It is a common negative symptom of schizophrenia, leading to difficulties in completing tasks such as hygiene, work, or social activities.
B. No empathy. Lack of empathy is more commonly associated with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) or narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) rather than schizophrenia. Individuals with schizophrenia may struggle with social interactions, but this is due to cognitive deficits rather than a lack of concern for others.
C. Reduction in quantity of words spoken. Alogia refers to poverty of speech, characterized by diminished verbal output and difficulty generating spontaneous speech. It is a negative symptom of schizophrenia, often presenting as brief, empty responses or difficulty engaging in conversation.
D. Inability to experience pleasure. Anhedonia refers to the inability to feel pleasure in activities that were once enjoyable. It is another negative symptom of schizophrenia and is also seen in major depressive disorder and other mood disorders.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Fear of abandonment. Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) have an intense fear of abandonment, leading to frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined rejection. This fear often results in unstable relationships, clingy behavior, or extreme emotional reactions to perceived neglect.
B. No remorse. Lack of remorse is characteristic of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), not BPD. People with BPD may experience guilt, regret, and self-loathing, particularly after impulsive actions or relationship conflicts. Unlike ASPD, they do not engage in manipulative or harmful behavior without concern for others' feelings.
C. Mood swings. Rapid and intense mood swings are a hallmark of BPD. Affected individuals may shift from euphoria to despair within hours, often triggered by interpersonal stressors. This emotional instability contributes to self-destructive behaviors and difficulty maintaining relationships.
D. Impulsivity. People with BPD frequently engage in impulsive and reckless behaviors, such as substance abuse, binge eating, reckless driving, or self-harm. These behaviors are often driven by emotional dysregulation and difficulty coping with distress.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Worry about health despite no symptoms. This describes illness anxiety disorder (formerly hypochondriasis), where individuals have an excessive fear of having a serious illness despite minimal or no physical symptoms. Unlike factitious disorder, these individuals are not fabricating symptoms but are genuinely convinced they are sick.
B. Normal voluntary and sensory dysfunction. This does not describe any recognized psychiatric disorder. However, conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder) involves involuntary neurological symptoms (e.g., paralysis, blindness) without a medical cause, whereas factitious disorder involves intentional symptom fabrication.
C. Worry is out of proportion to the symptoms. This is characteristic of somatic symptom disorder (SSD), where individuals have excessive concern and distress over real but often minor physical symptoms. Unlike factitious disorder, their symptoms are not deliberately produced or exaggerated for attention.
D. Deliberate exaggeration and fabricated symptoms. Factitious disorder (formerly Munchausen syndrome) involves intentionally faking, exaggerating, or inducing medical symptoms to assume the "sick role". Unlike malingering (which is done for external rewards like financial gain), factitious disorder is driven by an internal psychological need for medical attention.
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