Which of the following is a diagnostic test for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Cesar's Assessment Scale
Hamilton Assessment Scale
Vanderbilt Assessment Scale
Columbia Assessment Scale
The Correct Answer is C
A. Cesar's Assessment Scale. There is no widely recognized Cesar's Assessment Scale for diagnosing ADHD.
B. Hamilton Assessment Scale. The Hamilton scales (HAM-A and HAM-D) are used to assess anxiety and depression, not ADHD. They measure emotional symptoms, somatic complaints, and cognitive impairments associated with mood disorders.
C. Vanderbilt Assessment Scale. The Vanderbilt Assessment Scale is a validated tool used for ADHD diagnosis in children. It assesses inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and associated behavioral problems based on parent and teacher reports. It also screens for common comorbidities such as oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and anxiety disorders.
D. Columbia Assessment Scale. The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) is used to assess suicidal ideation and behavior, not ADHD. It is primarily applied in psychiatric evaluations and crisis intervention settings.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Fear of rejection. Individuals with avoidant personality disorder (AVPD) have an intense fear of rejection or criticism, leading them to avoid social situations, relationships, and new experiences despite wanting social connection. This fear stems from deep feelings of inadequacy.
B. Jealous of others. Jealousy is not a defining trait of AVPD but is more commonly associated with narcissistic or borderline personality disorders. People with AVPD are more self-critical and insecure rather than envious of others’ success or relationships.
C. Afraid to make new relationships. Those with AVPD struggle to form new relationships due to fear of embarrassment, criticism, or social failure. They often require strong reassurance and validation before feeling comfortable in social settings.
D. Avoids social interactions. Avoidance of social interactions is a hallmark of AVPD, as individuals tend to withdraw from work, friendships, and social activities to protect themselves from perceived humiliation or failure.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant and neuropathic pain medication that has no role in treating enuresis. It works by modulating calcium channels and is primarily used for seizures, neuropathic pain, and restless leg syndrome.
B. Laxatives. While constipation can contribute to enuresis by exerting pressure on the bladder, laxatives do not directly treat bedwetting. Instead, addressing constipation may help reduce nocturnal enuresis in some cases.
C. Desmopressin (DDAVP) is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for enuresis. It is a synthetic analog of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin) that reduces night-time urine production, making it effective for nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) in children.
D. SSRIs. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used for depression, anxiety, and OCD but have no primary role in enuresis treatment. In some cases, they may actually cause urinary retention or incontinence as a side effect rather than improving enuresis.
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