All of the following are symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder except
Argumentative
Resentful
Aggressive toward animals
Vindictive
The Correct Answer is C
A. Argumentative. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is characterized by a pattern of defiant, hostile, and argumentative behavior toward authority figures. Children with ODD frequently argue with adults, refuse to comply with rules, and deliberately provoke others.
B. Resentful. Children with ODD often display persistent resentment and anger, particularly when they feel they have been wronged. They may hold grudges and struggle to forgive perceived slights, leading to ongoing conflicts with parents, teachers, or peers.
C. Aggressive toward animals. Aggression toward animals is not a symptom of ODD but is a key feature of conduct disorder (CD). Children with conduct disorder engage in severe violations of social norms, including cruelty to animals, destruction of property, and physical aggression toward people. ODD, in contrast, involves defiant and disruptive behaviors without serious violations of others' rights.
D. Vindictive. A vindictive attitude is one of the diagnostic criteria for ODD. Children with ODD may seek revenge, retaliate excessively, or intentionally annoy others to provoke a reaction. This behavior is often fueled by feelings of frustration and perceived injustice.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Delusions are a positive symptom of schizophrenia, not a negative symptom. They are false, fixed beliefs that persist despite evidence to the contrary. Common types include persecutory, grandiose, and bizarre delusions. Positive symptoms result from excess dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway.
B. Avolition is a negative symptom characterized by a lack of motivation to initiate and sustain goal-directed activities. It leads to difficulties with personal hygiene, work, and social engagement, significantly impairing daily functioning.
C. Apathy is a negative symptom marked by a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or emotional responsiveness. Individuals with schizophrenia may show indifference to social interactions, personal achievements, or daily activities.
D. Alogia (poverty of speech) is a negative symptom where individuals speak less and provide minimal verbal responses. This reflects impaired thought processing and reduced cognitive engagement, common in schizophrenia's mesocortical dopamine pathway dysfunction.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Needs to be taken care of. Individuals with dependent personality disorder (DPD) have an excessive need for care and reassurance. They rely heavily on others to make decisions and take responsibility for their daily life.
B. Conflict avoidance. People with DPD avoid conflict and disagreement out of fear of losing support or approval from others. They may go to great lengths to maintain relationships, even if they are unhealthy.
C. Lacks remorse. Lack of remorse is more characteristic of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), where individuals show little concern for the rights or feelings of others. In contrast, those with DPD tend to feel excessive guilt and anxiety rather than a lack of remorse.
D. Afraid to be alone. A strong fear of being alone is a core feature of DPD. Individuals may feel helpless or unable to function independently, leading them to tolerate mistreatment or stay in dependent relationships.
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