Which of the following best describes dystonia?
Restlessness and unable to sit still.
Muscle spasms on the face, eyes, neck, and tongue.
Tongue rolling and lip smacking.
Tremors at rest, bradykinesia, and shuffling gait.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Restlessness and unable to sit still. This describes akathisia, a movement disorder characterized by an intense feeling of restlessness, often seen as a side effect of antipsychotic medications.
B. Muscle spasms on the face, eyes, neck, and tongue. Dystonia is characterized by sudden, involuntary muscle contractions, often affecting the face, neck (torticollis), eyes (oculogyric crisis), tongue, and jaw. It is a common extrapyramidal side effect (EPS) of antipsychotic medications, particularly first-generation antipsychotics.
C. Tongue rolling and lip smacking. These are hallmark symptoms of tardive dyskinesia, a late-onset movement disorder caused by long-term use of dopamine-blocking agents. It involves involuntary, repetitive movements of the mouth, face, and limbs.
D. Tremors at rest, bradykinesia, and shuffling gait. These symptoms are characteristic of Parkinsonism, an extrapyramidal side effect of dopamine-blocking medications. It mimics Parkinson’s disease and includes rigidity, tremors, and slow movements.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Lack of motivation. Avolition is a negative symptom of schizophrenia characterized by a severe lack of motivation to initiate and sustain goal-directed activities. Individuals with avolition struggle with completing daily tasks, such as hygiene, work, or social interactions, which significantly impairs their functioning.
B. No emotion. This describes flat affect, where individuals show reduced emotional expression in facial expressions, voice tone, and body language. Flat affect is a separate negative symptom of schizophrenia, distinct from avolition.
C. Inability to experience pleasure. This describes anhedonia, which refers to the inability to feel pleasure from previously enjoyable activities. Anhedonia is commonly seen in schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), and substance use disorders.
D. No empathy. Lack of empathy is more characteristic of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) or narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). While individuals with schizophrenia may struggle with social interactions, this is due to cognitive deficits rather than an absence of empathy.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Haloperidol (Haldol) is a first-generation (typical) antipsychotic that primarily blocks dopamine (D2) receptors. It is associated with a higher risk of extrapyramidal side effects (EPS), including dystonia, akathisia, and tardive dyskinesia, compared to second-generation antipsychotics.
B. Ziprasidone (Geodon) is a second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic that blocks both dopamine (D2) and serotonin (5-HT2A) receptors. It has a lower risk of EPS but can cause QT prolongation, requiring ECG monitoring in patients with cardiac conditions.
C. Risperidone (Risperdal) is a second-generation antipsychotic with dopamine and serotonin antagonism. It is effective for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability in autism but has a higher likelihood of prolactin elevation and EPS at higher doses.
D. Olanzapine (Zyprexa) is a second-generation antipsychotic known for its high risk of metabolic side effects, including weight gain, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. It has a lower risk of EPS compared to first-generation antipsychotics.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.