Which of the following best describes dyscalculia?
Difficulty in reading skills.
Difficulty in fine motor skills.
Difficulty in math skills.
Difficulty in writing.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Difficulty in reading skills. This describes dyslexia, a learning disorder characterized by challenges in reading, spelling, and phonemic awareness. Individuals with dyslexia may struggle with word recognition, reading fluency, and comprehension, but their math skills may remain unaffected.
B. Difficulty in fine motor skills. This describes dyspraxia (developmental coordination disorder), which affects motor planning and coordination rather than numerical skills. Individuals with dyspraxia may struggle with writing, buttoning clothes, or other tasks requiring precise hand movements.
C. Difficulty in math skills. Dyscalculia is a specific learning disability in mathematics, affecting number sense, calculations, problem-solving, and understanding mathematical concepts. It is linked to difficulties in basic arithmetic, number sequencing, and spatial reasoning, often unrelated to intelligence or overall cognitive ability.
D. Difficulty in writing. This describes dysgraphia, a learning disorder that impairs handwriting, spelling, and written expression. Individuals with dysgraphia may have poor letter formation, inconsistent spacing, and difficulty organizing thoughts on paper, but their math abilities may not be affected.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Stereotypic movements. Repetitive motor behaviors, such as hand-flapping, rocking, and spinning, are characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These stereotypic movements serve as self-stimulatory behaviors and may help regulate sensory input.
B. Restricted interest. Individuals with ASD often display intense, fixated interests in specific topics or objects (e.g., an obsession with maps, numbers, or train schedules). These restricted interests are highly focused and often interfere with daily functioning.
C. Social communication deficit. Impaired social interaction and communication are core features of ASD. Affected individuals struggle with understanding social cues, making eye contact, interpreting facial expressions, and engaging in reciprocal conversations.
D. Receptive language dysfunction. While language delays can be present in ASD, receptive language dysfunction (difficulty understanding spoken language) is more characteristic of specific language impairment (SLI) or aphasia rather than ASD. In ASD, deficits in pragmatic (social) communication are more pronounced than in purely receptive language processing.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Mesolimbic pathway is associated with reward, motivation, and emotions and is hyperactive in schizophrenia, leading to positive symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. Antipsychotic medications work by blocking dopamine (D2) receptors in this pathway, reducing psychotic symptoms.
B. Nigrostriatal pathway controls motor function and coordination. Dopamine blockade in this pathway leads to extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) such as tremors, rigidity, and tardive dyskinesia, which are common side effects of first-generation antipsychotics (typical antipsychotics).
C. Tuberoinfundibular pathway regulates prolactin secretion. Dopamine inhibits prolactin release, so blocking D2 receptors with antipsychotics leads to increased prolactin levels, causing gynecomastia, galactorrhea, and menstrual irregularities.
D. Mesocortical pathway is responsible for cognition, motivation, and emotional regulation. In schizophrenia, this pathway is hypoactive, contributing to negative symptoms such as apathy, social withdrawal, and cognitive impairment.
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