All are types of schizoaffective disorder except,
Depressed type
Unspecified type
Anxiety type
Bipolar type
The Correct Answer is C
A. Depressed type. Schizoaffective disorder, depressive type, involves schizophrenia symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking) along with major depressive episodes. There is no history of mania or hypomania, distinguishing it from the bipolar type.
B. Unspecified type. Schizoaffective disorder, unspecified type, is used when the clinician determines that the patient meets criteria for schizoaffective disorder but does not clearly fit into the bipolar or depressive subtypes.
C. Anxiety type. There is no "anxiety type" of schizoaffective disorder. While individuals with schizoaffective disorder may experience anxiety, it is not a defining feature. Anxiety disorders are separate conditions and do not define a subtype of schizoaffective disorder.
D. Bipolar type. Schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type, is diagnosed when schizophrenia symptoms occur alongside manic or mixed episodes, with or without depressive episodes. This distinguishes it from the depressive type, which lacks manic symptoms.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Stereotypic movements. Repetitive motor behaviors, such as hand-flapping, rocking, and spinning, are characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These stereotypic movements serve as self-stimulatory behaviors and may help regulate sensory input.
B. Restricted interest. Individuals with ASD often display intense, fixated interests in specific topics or objects (e.g., an obsession with maps, numbers, or train schedules). These restricted interests are highly focused and often interfere with daily functioning.
C. Social communication deficit. Impaired social interaction and communication are core features of ASD. Affected individuals struggle with understanding social cues, making eye contact, interpreting facial expressions, and engaging in reciprocal conversations.
D. Receptive language dysfunction. While language delays can be present in ASD, receptive language dysfunction (difficulty understanding spoken language) is more characteristic of specific language impairment (SLI) or aphasia rather than ASD. In ASD, deficits in pragmatic (social) communication are more pronounced than in purely receptive language processing.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a leading preventable cause of intellectual disability. Prenatal alcohol exposure disrupts brain development, leading to cognitive impairment, behavioral problems, and facial abnormalities.
B. Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is a genetic disorder that causes intellectual disability, developmental delays, and characteristic physical features. It results from an extra copy of chromosome 21, affecting brain development and cognitive function.
C. Serotonin syndrome is an acute, life-threatening condition caused by excessive serotonin activity due to medication overdose or drug interactions (e.g., SSRIs, MAOIs, MDMA). Symptoms include hyperreflexia, autonomic instability, and altered mental status, but it does not cause intellectual disability.
D. Fragile X syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome. It is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability, leading to cognitive impairments, social anxiety, and hyperactivity, often resembling autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
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