Which of the following has the highest risk of metabolic syndrome?
haloperidol (Haldol)
aripiprazole (Abilify)
clozapine (Clozaril)
lurasidone (Latuda)
The Correct Answer is C
A. Haloperidol (Haldol) is a first-generation (typical) antipsychotic, which has a higher risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) but a lower risk of metabolic syndrome compared to second-generation antipsychotics.
B. Aripiprazole (Abilify) is a second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic with a lower risk of metabolic side effects. It has a partial dopamine agonist mechanism, which makes it less likely to cause weight gain, dyslipidemia, or glucose intolerance.
C. Clozapine (Clozaril) has the highest risk of metabolic syndrome among antipsychotics. It is associated with significant weight gain, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and an increased risk of diabetes. Regular metabolic monitoring (weight, blood glucose, lipids) is essential for patients taking clozapine.
D. Lurasidone (Latuda) is a second-generation antipsychotic with a lower metabolic risk compared to other atypical antipsychotics. It is generally considered weight-neutral and has minimal effects on glucose and lipid metabolism.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Nagasaki Anxiety Scale. There is no recognized Nagasaki Anxiety Scale used in clinical practice for diagnosing anxiety disorders.
B. Vanderbilt Anxiety Scale. The Vanderbilt Assessment Scale is primarily used for ADHD screening in children, not for anxiety disorders. It evaluates symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, along with comorbid behavioral issues.
C. Hamilton Anxiety Scale. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a widely used diagnostic tool for assessing the severity of anxiety symptoms. It evaluates somatic and psychological symptoms of anxiety, such as tension, fears, insomnia, and autonomic disturbances. It is commonly used in clinical and research settings to monitor treatment response.
D. Jarrad and Cesar Anxiety Scale. There is no known Jarrad and Cesar Anxiety Scale in psychological or psychiatric diagnostic testing, making it an invalid option for anxiety assessment.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Adderall (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine) is a stimulant that increases dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain, improving focus and impulse control in individuals with ADHD. It is a Schedule II controlled substance due to its potential for abuse and dependence.
B. Strattera (atomoxetine) is a non-stimulant medication used for ADHD. It is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) that helps with attention and impulse control but has a lower risk of abuse compared to stimulant medications. Unlike stimulants, it may take several weeks to show full effects.
C. Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine) is a stimulant that is a prodrug of dextroamphetamine, meaning it must be metabolized in the body before becoming active. This mechanism provides a longer, smoother effect with a lower potential for abuse compared to immediate-release stimulants.
D. Ritalin (methylphenidate) is a stimulant that increases dopamine and norepinephrine activity in the brain, improving focus and impulse control. It is commonly used in both children and adults with ADHD and has short-acting, intermediate, and long-acting formulations.
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