Which finding meets the criteria of a reassuring fetal heart rate (FHR) pattern?

Variability averages between 6 and 10 beats/min.

Mild late deceleration patterns occur with some contractions.

FHR does not change as a result of fetal activity.

Average baseline rate ranges between 100 and 140 beats/min.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Variability refers to the fluctuations in the FHR that are irregular in amplitude and frequency. It reflects the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems of the fetus. A normal variability is between 6 and 10 beats/min, which indicates a healthy and well-oxygenated fetus.

Choice B reason: Late decelerations are decreases in the FHR that begin after the peak of a contraction and return to the baseline after the contraction ends. They are caused by uteroplacental insufficiency, which means that the placenta is not delivering enough oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. Mild late decelerations are not reassuring and may indicate fetal hypoxia or acidosis².

Choice C reason: FHR should change as a result of fetal activity, such as movement, sleep, or stimulation. A change in the FHR indicates a responsive and well-oxygenated fetus. A lack of change in the FHR may indicate fetal distress or compromise.

Choice D reason: The average baseline rate is the mean FHR rounded to increments of 5 beats/min during a 10-minute window, excluding periods of marked variability, accelerations, or decelerations. A normal baseline rate is between 110 and 160 beats/min. A baseline rate between 100 and 140 beats/min is not necessarily abnormal, but it may indicate fetal bradycardia (slow heart rate) or tachycardia (fast heart rate), depending on the gestational age and other factors.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Normal weight women should gain 11.5 to 16 kg during pregnancy, according to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines. This is based on the body mass index (BMI) of 18.5 to 24.9 before pregnancy.

Choice B reason: Underweight women should gain 12.5 to 18 kg during pregnancy, according to the IOM guidelines. This is based on the BMI of less than 18.5 before pregnancy. Underweight women are at risk of having low birth weight infants, so they need to gain more weight to support fetal growth and development.

Choice C reason: Adolescents are encouraged to strive for weight gains at the upper end of the recommended scale, according to the IOM guidelines. This is because adolescents are still growing themselves and need extra nutrients and calories to meet their own needs and those of the fetus.

Choice D reason: In twin gestations, the weight gain recommended for a single fetus pregnancy should not be simply doubled. The IOM guidelines suggest that women with twin gestations should gain 16.5 to 24.5 kg if they have a normal weight before pregnancy, 14 to 22.5 kg if they are overweight, and 11 to 19 kg if they are obese.

Choice E reason: Obese women should gain at least 7 to 11.5 kg during pregnancy, according to the IOM guidelines. This is based on the BMI of 30 or more before pregnancy. Obese women are at risk of having complications such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and cesarean delivery, so they need to limit their weight gain to avoid further complications.

A. point out that inappropriate sexual behavior caused the infection. B. position the woman in a semi-Fowler position. C. tell her that antibiotics need to be taken until pelvic pain is relieved. D. explain to the woman that infertility is a likely outcome of this type of infection.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Pointing out that inappropriate sexual behavior caused the infection is not helpful, as it may make the woman feel guilty, ashamed, or defensive. The nurse should avoid blaming or judging the woman and focus on providing education and support.

Choice B reason: Positioning the woman in a semi-Fowler position is not necessary, as it does not affect the treatment or recovery of pelvic inflammatory disease. The nurse should assess the woman's comfort level and offer pain relief as needed.

Choice C reason: Telling her that antibiotics need to be taken until pelvic pain is relieved is incorrect, as it may lead to incomplete treatment and recurrence of the infection. The nurse should instruct the woman to take the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, regardless of the symptoms.

Choice D reason: Explaining to the woman that infertility is a likely outcome of this type of infection is the best option, as it informs the woman of the possible complications and the need for follow-up care. Pelvic inflammatory disease can cause scarring and blockage of the fallopian tubes, which can prevent the fertilization of the egg or cause ectopic pregnancy. The nurse should also discuss the prevention of sexually transmitted infections and the importance of regular screening.

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Which finding meets the criteria of a reassuring fetal heart rate (FHR) pattern?

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Correct Answer is D

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