What are the possible consequences of inadequate weight gain during pregnancy for the infant?

Diabetes mellitus.

Down syndrome.

Spina bifida.

Intrauterine growth restriction.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Diabetes mellitus is not a direct consequence of inadequate weight gain during pregnancy for the infant. However, maternal diabetes can increase the risk of fetal macrosomia (large birth weight), congenital anomalies, and neonatal hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) in the infant.

Choice B reason: Down syndrome is not a direct consequence of inadequate weight gain during pregnancy for the infant. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 in the cells of the fetus. The risk of having a baby with Down syndrome increases with maternal age, but it is not related to maternal weight or nutrition².

Choice C reason: Spina bifida is not a direct consequence of inadequate weight gain during pregnancy for the infant. Spina bifida is a neural tube defect that occurs when the spine and spinal cord do not form properly in the fetus. The main risk factor for spina bifida is a lack of folic acid (a B vitamin) in the mother's diet before and during pregnancy.

Choice D reason: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a condition in which the fetus does not grow as expected and has a low birth weight. IUGR can have many causes, such as placental problems, infections, chromosomal abnormalities, and maternal factors. One of the maternal factors that can contribute to IUGR is inadequate weight gain during pregnancy, especially in underweight women. IUGR can increase the risk of complications for the infant, such as preterm birth, low Apgar score, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and breathing problems⁵.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Abstinence is the avoidance of sexual activity, which reduces the risk of exposure to STIs. It is not a sexual risk behavior.

Choice B reason: Multiple sex partners increases the likelihood of exposure to STIs, especially if the partners are not tested or treated. It is a sexual risk behavior.

Choice C reason: Unprotected anal intercourse exposes the mucous membranes of the rectum and anus to potential pathogens, which can cause STIs such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and HIV. It is a sexual risk behavior.

Choice D reason: Oral sex involves contact between the mouth and the genitals or anus, which can transmit STIs such as herpes, HPV, gonorrhea, and syphilis. It is a sexual risk behavior.

Choice E reason: Dry kissing is the contact between the lips without the exchange of saliva, which does not transmit STIs. It is not a sexual risk behavior.

A. a daily consumption of alcohol indicates a risk for alcoholism. B. she will be at risk for abusing other substances as well. C. the fetus is at risk for multiple organ anomalies. D. the fetus is placed at risk for altered brain growth.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: A daily consumption of alcohol does not necessarily indicate a risk for alcoholism, although it is not recommended for pregnant women. Alcoholism is a chronic disease that involves physical and psychological dependence on alcohol, and it requires more than one criterion to be diagnosed.

Choice B reason: She will not be at risk for abusing other substances as well, unless she has a history or predisposition for substance abuse. Alcohol use during pregnancy does not cause other substance abuse problems, although it may co-occur with them.

Choice C reason: The fetus is not at risk for multiple organ anomalies, unless the mother consumes large amounts of alcohol during the first trimester of pregnancy. This can cause fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), which is characterized by facial dysmorphia, growth retardation, and intellectual disability. However, FAS is rare and not related to moderate alcohol intake during the second trimester.

Choice D reason: The fetus is placed at risk for altered brain growth, as alcohol can cross the placenta and affect the developing nervous system of the fetus. Alcohol exposure during the second trimester can impair the formation and migration of neurons, leading to reduced brain size and function. This can result in learning difficulties, behavioral problems, and cognitive impairments in the child.

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What are the possible consequences of inadequate weight gain during pregnancy for the infant?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Examples of sexual risk behaviors associated with exposure to a sexually transmitted infection (STI) include: (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

A patient at 24 weeks of gestation says she has a glass of wine with dinner every evening. The nurse will counsel her to eliminate all alcohol intake because:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The drug of choice for treatment of gonorrhea is:

The nurse is caring for a woman who is at 24 weeks of gestation with suspected severe preeclampsia. Which signs and symptoms would the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply)

A nurse teaches a pregnant woman about the presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy. The woman demonstrates an understanding of the nurse's instructions if she states that a positive sign of pregnancy is:

A pregnant woman's diet may not meet her need for folates. A good source of this nutrient is:

What are the possible consequences of inadequate weight gain during pregnancy for the infant?

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The nurse teaches a pregnant woman about the presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy. The woman demonstrates understanding of the nurse's instructions if she states that a positive sign of pregnancy is: