Which viral sexually transmitted infection is characterized by a primary infection followed by recurrent episodes?

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: HSV-2 is a viral infection that causes genital herpes. It is transmitted through sexual contact and can cause painful blisters and ulcers in the genital area. The primary infection is usually the most severe and lasts for several weeks. After the primary infection, the virus remains dormant in the nerve cells and can reactivate periodically, causing recurrent episodes of genital herpes. The frequency and severity of the recurrences vary from person to person.

Choice B reason: HPV is a viral infection that causes genital warts and cervical cancer. It is transmitted through sexual contact and can infect the skin and mucous membranes of the genital area. The primary infection is often asymptomatic and may clear spontaneously or persist for years. HPV does not cause recurrent episodes of genital warts or cervical cancer, but it can increase the risk of developing these conditions over time.

Choice C reason: CMV is a viral infection that causes flu-like symptoms and can affect various organs. It is transmitted through bodily fluids such as saliva, urine, blood, and semen. The primary infection is usually mild and may go unnoticed. After the primary infection, the virus remains latent in the body and can reactivate in people with weakened immune systems, causing serious complications. CMV does not cause recurrent episodes of flu-like symptoms or organ damage, but it can worsen the condition of people with HIV or AIDS.

Choice D reason: HIV is a viral infection that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusion, or sharing of needles. The primary infection is often accompanied by flu-like symptoms and lasts for a few weeks. After the primary infection, the virus gradually destroys the immune system and makes the person vulnerable to opportunistic infections and cancers. HIV does not cause recurrent episodes of flu-like symptoms or AIDS, but it can progress to AIDS over time.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Eating three larger meals a day is not recommended for hyperemesis gravidarum, as it may increase the nausea and vomiting. Instead, the nurse should advise the woman to eat small, frequent meals throughout the day.

Choice B reason: Ice cream may stay down better than other foods, as it is cold, bland, and soothing. The nurse should encourage the woman to try foods that are appealing to her and avoid foods that trigger nausea.

Choice C reason: Eating what sounds good to the woman even if her meals are not well-balanced is acceptable for hyperemesis gravidarum, as the priority is to maintain hydration and nutrition. The nurse should reassure the woman that she can resume a balanced diet once her symptoms improve.

Choice D reason: Avoiding ginger tea or sweet drinks is not necessary for hyperemesis gravidarum, as some women may find them helpful in reducing nausea. The nurse should suggest the woman to experiment with different beverages and see what works for her.

Choice E reason: Eating a high-protein snack at bedtime is beneficial for hyperemesis gravidarum, as it can prevent low blood sugar levels and morning sickness. The nurse should recommend the woman to have a protein-rich food, such as cheese, yogurt, nuts, or eggs, before going to bed.

A. Seizure activity and hypotension B. Platelet count of less than 100,000/mm3 and visual problems C. Ankle clonus and epigastric pain D. Decreased urinary output and irritability

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Seizure activity and hypotension are not signs and symptoms of severe preeclampsia, but rather of eclampsia, which is a life-threatening complication of preeclampsia. Eclampsia is characterized by convulsions and coma, and it requires immediate treatment to prevent maternal and fetal death.

Choice B reason: Platelet count of less than 100,000/mm3 and visual problems are signs and symptoms of severe preeclampsia, as they indicate hematologic and neurologic complications. Severe preeclampsia can cause thrombocytopenia, which is a low platelet count that increases the risk of bleeding. It can also cause cerebral edema, which can impair the vision and cause blurred vision, spots, or flashes of light.

Choice C reason: Ankle clonus and epigastric pain are signs and symptoms of severe preeclampsia, as they indicate neuromuscular and hepatic complications. Severe preeclampsia can cause hyperreflexia, which is an exaggerated reflex response that can be elicited by dorsiflexing the ankle and observing rhythmic jerking of the foot. It can also cause liver damage, which can manifest as epigastric pain or right upper quadrant pain.

Choice D reason: Decreased urinary output and irritability are signs and symptoms of severe preeclampsia, as they indicate renal and central nervous system complications. Severe preeclampsia can cause oliguria, which is a reduced urine output of less than 500 mL in 24 hours. It can also cause increased intracranial pressure, which can affect the mood and behavior and cause irritability, anxiety, or confusion.

Choice E reason: Transient headache and +1 proteinuria are not signs and symptoms of severe preeclampsia, but rather of mild preeclampsia, which is a less severe form of the condition. Mild preeclampsia is characterized by blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or higher, proteinuria of 1+ or higher, and mild edema. It does not cause severe complications or organ damage, but it can progress to severe preeclampsia if not treated.

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Which viral sexually transmitted infection is characterized by a primary infection followed by recurrent episodes?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A pregnant woman presents to the emergency department complaining of persistent nausea and vomiting. She is diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum. The nurse should include which information when teaching about diet for hyperemesis? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a woman who is at 24 weeks of gestation with suspected severe preeclampsia. Which signs and symptoms would the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

Which viral sexually transmitted infection is characterized by a primary infection followed by recurrent episodes?

A woman with severe preeclampsia is receiving a magnesium sulfate infusion. The nurse becomes concerned after assessment when the woman exhibits:

What is the cause of early decelerations in the fetal heart rate (FHR) of a laboring woman?

When evaluating a patient for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), the nurse should be aware that the most common bacterial STI is:

A patient with pregnancy-induced hypertension is admitted complaining of pounding headache, visual changes, and epigastric pain. Nursing care is based on the knowledge that these signs are an indication of:

Which presumptive sign (felt by the woman) or probable sign (observed by the examiner) of pregnancy is not matched with another possible cause?

What is the first action that the nurse should take when assessing the fetal heart rate (FHR) of a woman at 30 weeks of gestation and finding a rate of 82 beats/min?