Which factors may contribute to hypertension? (Select All that Apply.)

Decreased stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS).

Decreased elasticity of blood vessels.

Increased peripheral vascular resistance (PVR).

Decreased fluid volume.

Increased blood viscosity.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,E

(A) Decreased stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS): The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays a key role in regulating blood pressure. When the SNS is stimulated, it causes vasoconstriction, or narrowing of the blood vessels, which increases blood pressure. Therefore, decreased stimulation of the SNS would typically lead to vasodilation, or widening of the blood vessels, which would lower blood pressure, not increase it.

(B) Decreased elasticity of blood vessels: As people age, their blood vessels can lose elasticity, which can lead to hypertension. When blood vessels are elastic, they can easily expand and contract with each heartbeat, maintaining a healthy blood pressure. But when they become stiff or rigid, they can’t expand as easily, causing the pressure inside to increase.

(c) Increased peripheral vascular resistance (PVR): Peripheral vascular resistance is the resistance that blood must overcome to flow through the blood vessels. The more resistance, the harder the heart has to work to pump blood through the body, which can lead to increased blood pressure. Factors that can increase PVR include vasoconstriction, or narrowing of the blood vessels, and increased blood viscosity, or thickness.

(D) Decreased fluid volume: Decreased fluid volume, or hypovolemia, would typically lead to a decrease in blood pressure, not an increase. This is because blood pressure is directly related to the volume of blood in the blood vessels. When there’s less blood, the pressure inside the blood vessels is usually lower.

(E) Increased blood viscosity: Blood viscosity refers to the thickness of the blood. When blood is thicker, it’s harder for it to flow through the blood vessels, which increases the resistance to blood flow, leading to increased blood pressure.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

A. "Report any incidents of swelling to your lips, tongue or face."

Angioedema is a serious side effect of lisinopril, which is an ACE inhibitor. Swelling of the lips, tongue, or face can indicate angioedema, which can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.

B. "Report the development of a persistent dry cough."

A persistent dry cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors like lisinopril. If this occurs, the healthcare provider should be notified as an alternative medication may be needed.

C. "Your cholesterol levels should be monitored monthly while taking this medication."

Monitoring cholesterol levels is not typically necessary for clients taking lisinopril. This instruction is more relevant for medications affecting lipid levels, such as statins.

D. "Make sure your diet contains a lot of potassium-rich foods."

Lisinopril can cause hyperkalemia (high potassium levels). Therefore, it is important to avoid excessive intake of potassium-rich foods to prevent complications. Clients should be advised to monitor potassium intake rather than increase it.

E. "Monitor your blood pressure on a regular basis."

Regular monitoring of blood pressure is essential for clients taking lisinopril to ensure the medication is effectively managing their hypertension and to adjust dosages as necessary.

A. Blood pressure 160/94 mm Hg B. Oxygen saturation 95% C. Heart rate 50/min D. Respiratory rate 18/min

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

(A) Blood pressure 160/94 mm Hg:
Metoprolol is a beta-blocker commonly used to treat hypertension. A blood pressure reading of 160/94 mm Hg indicates hypertension, which is an indication for administering metoprolol, not withholding it.

(B) Oxygen saturation 95%:
An oxygen saturation of 95% is within the normal range and does not provide a reason to withhold metoprolol. Oxygen saturation levels are not directly impacted by this medication in a way that would warrant withholding it.

(C) Heart rate 50/min:
A heart rate of 50/min is bradycardia (a slow heart rate). Metoprolol can further lower the heart rate, so it should be withheld if the client is already experiencing bradycardia. The nurse should notify the healthcare provider for further instructions.

(D) Respiratory rate 18/min:
A respiratory rate of 18/min is within the normal range (12-20 breaths per minute) and does not provide a reason to withhold metoprolol. Respiratory rate is not typically a contraindication for this medication unless there are specific respiratory conditions or other related symptoms present.

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Which factors may contribute to hypertension? (Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a young adult female client who has been prescribed lisinopril. Which of the following instructions should the nurse plan to include? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is collecting data from a client prior to administering metoprolol. For which of the following findings should the nurse withhold the medication?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a young adult female client who has been prescribed lisinopril. Which of the following instructions should the nurse plan to include? (Select all that apply)

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