Which factors may contribute to hypertension? (Select All that Apply.)

A. Root cause analysis:

Root cause analysis is a method used to identify the underlying causes of adverse events or errors. While it is important for quality improvement and risk management, it does not specifically involve using research and scientific data to guide clinical decision-making in client care.

B. Evidence-based practice:

Evidence-based practice (EBP) involves integrating the best available evidence from research studies with clinical expertise and patient preferences to guide decision-making in client care. By utilizing research and scientific data, nurses can identify effective interventions and strategies to improve client outcomes.

C. Benchmarking:

Benchmarking involves comparing performance metrics or outcomes against standards or best practices. While benchmarking can inform quality improvement efforts, it does not directly involve using research and scientific data to guide clinical decision-making.

D. Standardization:

Standardization involves implementing consistent processes or protocols to improve quality and safety. While standardization is important for ensuring consistency in care delivery, it does not necessarily rely on research and scientific data to inform clinical decision-making as evidence-based practice does.

A. "Opioid narcotics are restricted for the client because of the risk for addiction":
This statement is not accurate and may contribute to unnecessary fear or misunderstanding about opioid use. While there is a risk of opioid addiction, it is generally low when opioids are used appropriately for pain management, especially in end-of-life care settings where the focus is on comfort and symptom management.

B. "Using opioid narcotics will limit options available for future management of pain":
This statement is misleading and may cause unnecessary concern. In end-of-life care, the priority is to provide effective pain relief and maximize comfort for the client. Opioid narcotics are an essential component of pain management in palliative and hospice care and do not necessarily limit future pain management options.

C. "The use of opioid narcotics is restricted to when death is imminent":
This statement is not accurate. Opioid narcotics can be used for pain management at various stages of illness, including but not limited to end-of-life care. While opioids are commonly used in palliative and hospice care settings, they may also be indicated for pain management in other clinical contexts.

D. "The dosage of the opioid narcotic is unlimited":
This statement is the most appropriate response. In end-of-life care, the goal of pain management is to relieve suffering and maximize comfort. Opioid dosages are titrated based on the client's pain intensity and response, and there is no strict limit to the dosage if needed to achieve adequate pain control. The priority is to ensure that the client is comfortable and free from pain as much as possible, even if higher doses of opioids are required.