Which factors may contribute to hypertension? (Select All that Apply.)

Decreased stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS).

Decreased elasticity of blood vessels.

Increased peripheral vascular resistance (PVR).

Decreased fluid volume.

Increased blood viscosity.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,E

(A) Decreased stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS): The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays a key role in regulating blood pressure. When the SNS is stimulated, it causes vasoconstriction, or narrowing of the blood vessels, which increases blood pressure. Therefore, decreased stimulation of the SNS would typically lead to vasodilation, or widening of the blood vessels, which would lower blood pressure, not increase it.

(B) Decreased elasticity of blood vessels: As people age, their blood vessels can lose elasticity, which can lead to hypertension. When blood vessels are elastic, they can easily expand and contract with each heartbeat, maintaining a healthy blood pressure. But when they become stiff or rigid, they can’t expand as easily, causing the pressure inside to increase.

(c) Increased peripheral vascular resistance (PVR): Peripheral vascular resistance is the resistance that blood must overcome to flow through the blood vessels. The more resistance, the harder the heart has to work to pump blood through the body, which can lead to increased blood pressure. Factors that can increase PVR include vasoconstriction, or narrowing of the blood vessels, and increased blood viscosity, or thickness.

(D) Decreased fluid volume: Decreased fluid volume, or hypovolemia, would typically lead to a decrease in blood pressure, not an increase. This is because blood pressure is directly related to the volume of blood in the blood vessels. When there’s less blood, the pressure inside the blood vessels is usually lower.

(E) Increased blood viscosity: Blood viscosity refers to the thickness of the blood. When blood is thicker, it’s harder for it to flow through the blood vessels, which increases the resistance to blood flow, leading to increased blood pressure.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

(A) Meloxicam 5 mg PO once daily: Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve pain and inflammation. It does not typically affect potassium levels.

(B) Acyclovir 400 mg PO twice daily: Acyclovir is an antiviral medication used to treat viral infections such as herpes simplex and varicella-zoster. It does not typically affect potassium levels.

(c) Furosemide 80 mg PO daily: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that promotes diuresis by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle and distal renal tubule. This can lead to increased excretion of potassium in the urine, potentially causing hypokalemia.

(D) Cimetidine 300 mg PO four times per day: Cimetidine is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist used to treat and prevent certain types of ulcer, and to treat conditions that cause the stomach to produce too much acid. It does not typically affect potassium levels.

A. Open access peer-reviewed articles must be purchased by the user. B. Editorial opinion articles by journalists can be as relevant as peer-reviewed articles C. Peer-reviewed articles are not considered scholarly sources of evidence. D. Peer-reviewed articles have been through laborious review by other professionals.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Open access peer-reviewed articles must be purchased by the user: This is not accurate. Open access articles are freely available to the public and do not require purchase.

B. Editorial opinion articles by journalists can be as relevant as peer-reviewed articles: While editorial opinion articles can provide valuable insights, they are not subjected to the same rigorous review process as peer-reviewed articles. Therefore, they are not considered as reliable or authoritative as peer-reviewed articles.

C. Peer-reviewed articles are not considered scholarly sources of evidence: This is incorrect. Peer-reviewed articles are considered one of the highest levels of scholarly sources of evidence. They have been reviewed and approved by experts in the field before publication.

D. Peer-reviewed articles have been through laborious review by other professionals: This is correct. Peer-reviewed articles undergo a rigorous review process by experts in the field, ensuring the research is of high quality and the findings are valid.

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Which factors may contribute to hypertension? (Select All that Apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing the medication history of a client. The nurse should identify that which of the following medications places the client at risk for hypokalemia?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is preparing an in-service about evidence-based practice (EBP). Which of the following information should the nurse include about peer-reviewed sources of information?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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