Which factor is important to include in the teaching plan for parents of a child with Legg- Calve-Perthes disease?
It is an acute illness lasting 1 to 2 weeks.
There is a disturbance in the blood supply to the femoral epiphysis.
It is caused by a virus.
It affects primarily adults.
The Correct Answer is B
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, also known as Perthes disease, is a childhood condition that affects the hip joint. It occurs due to a disruption in the blood supply to the femoral head (epiphysis), which can lead to bone death (avascular necrosis) and subsequent deformity of the femoral head.
It is essential for parents to understand that Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is not an acute illness that lasts for a short duration (Option A). It is a chronic condition that typically progresses over a period of months or years.
stating that it is caused by a virus, in (option C) is incorrect. The exact cause of Legg-Calve- Perthes disease is not fully understood, but it is not caused by a viral infection. It is believed to be related to multifactorial factors, including genetic and vascular factors.
stating that it primarily affects adults, in (option D) is incorrect. Legg-Calve-Perthes disease predominantly affects children, typically between the ages of 4 and 8 years old, during the period of rapid growth.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
When caring for a child with an open fracture, the nurse should carefully assess for signs and symptoms of infection. An open fracture refers to a fracture where the bone is exposed through the skin, creating a direct pathway for microorganisms to enter and cause infection. Infection is a significant concern in open fractures and can lead to serious complications if not identified and treated promptly. Signs of infection may include increased pain, swelling, redness, warmth, purulent drainage, fever, or systemic signs of infection such as elevated white blood cell count.
Osteoarthritis in (option A) is incorrect because it, is not an immediate concern in the care of a child with an open fracture. Osteoarthritis refers to degenerative joint disease that typically develops over time and is not directly related to the acute management of an open fracture.
epiphyseal disruption in (option B) is incorrect because it, refers to an injury involving the growth plate (epiphyseal plate) that can affect bone growth and development. While it is a potential concern in fractures that involve the growth plate, it is not specific to open fractures and may not be an immediate priority in the initial assessment of an open fracture.
periosteum thickening in (option D) is incorrect because it, may occur in response to injury and fracture healing, but it is not specifically associated with open fractures and is not a primary focus in the initial assessment of an open fracture.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in a 10-year-old child is a headache. Headache is a common symptom associated with increased pressure within the cranial cavity. It can be a result of various conditions that cause elevated intracranial pressure, such as brain tumours, intracranial haemorrhage, hydrocephalus, or brain trauma. The headache may be described as persistent, worsening, or accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or changes in neurological status.
tachypnoea (rapid breathing), in (option A) is incorrect because it is not a specific sign of increased intracranial pressure. It can be seen in various conditions, including respiratory and cardiovascular disorders, anxiety, or physical exertion.
bulging fontanel in (option B) is incorrect because it, is more commonly observed in infants and is not typically seen in older children. The fontanelles (soft spots) on an infant's skull normally close by the age of 18-24 months.
an increase in head circumference in (option D) is incorrect because it, may be a sign of increased intracranial pressure in infants. However, in a 10-year-old child, the fontanelles are typically closed, and head circumference growth is not a reliable indicator of increased intracranial pressure
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