When caring for a patient with Alzheimer's disease, the nurse would assess the patient for which two common infection-related complications due to chronic dementia?

Endocardial infection

Brain infection

Urinary tract infection

Pneumonia

Gastrointestinal infection

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Endocardial infection is not commonly associated with Alzheimer's disease. While it can occur, it is not a frequent infection related to chronic dementia.

Choice B reason: Brain infections, such as encephalitis, can occur but are not among the most common infections seen in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Choice C reason: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in patients with Alzheimer's disease due to factors such as immobility, incontinence, and the use of catheters. UTIs can exacerbate confusion and other dementia-related symptoms.

Choice D reason: Pneumonia is a common and serious infection in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Due to cognitive impairment, these patients may have difficulty swallowing, leading to aspiration pneumonia. Additionally, their weakened immune systems make them more susceptible to respiratory infections.

Choice E reason: Gastrointestinal infections are not typically associated with Alzheimer's disease as a common complication. While they can occur, they are not as prevalent as UTIs and pneumonia in this patient population.

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Correct Answer is ["B","D"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Poor nutrition related to alcoholism can lead to abdominal obesity, but it is not a direct cause of ascites in liver cirrhosis. Ascites is primarily due to factors like portal hypertension and decreased colloid oncotic pressure.

Choice B reason: Portal hypertension is a significant cause of ascites in liver cirrhosis. The increased pressure in the portal vein causes proteins to leak from the blood vessels into the peritoneal cavity, leading to fluid accumulation.

Choice C reason: Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus stimulating thirst can lead to excessive fluid intake, but this is not a direct cause of ascites related to liver cirrhosis. Ascites is more directly linked to portal hypertension and decreased colloid oncotic pressure.

Choice D reason: Decreased colloid oncotic pressure due to the liver's inability to synthesize albumin is a key factor in the development of ascites. Albumin helps maintain fluid balance in the blood vessels, and its deficiency leads to fluid leakage into the peritoneal cavity.

A. Administer antibiotics B. Start IV fluids C. Assess pain every 4 hours D. Maintain oxygenation

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Administering antibiotics is essential for treating cellulitis to eliminate the infection. However, it is not the immediate priority over maintaining oxygenation, especially in a patient with sickle cell disease.

Choice B reason: Starting IV fluids is crucial for preventing dehydration and helping to reduce the sickling of red blood cells. Nevertheless, while important, it is not the most urgent action compared to maintaining adequate oxygen levels.

Choice C reason: Assessing pain every 4 hours is necessary for managing the patient's comfort and monitoring the progression of the disease. Although pain management is a significant aspect of care, it is not the top priority in this scenario.

Choice D reason: Maintaining oxygenation is the highest priority for a patient with sickle cell disease. These patients are at increased risk for hypoxia, which can exacerbate the sickling of red blood cells, leading to severe complications such as acute chest syndrome or stroke. Ensuring adequate oxygenation helps to prevent these complications and stabilizes the patient's condition.

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When caring for a patient with Alzheimer's disease, the nurse would assess the patient for which two common infection-related complications due to chronic dementia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Identify two causes of ascites related to liver cirrhosis:

Correct Answer is ["B","D"]

Explanation

A patient with sickle cell disease has developed cellulitis above the left ankle. Which action is the nurse's priority for this patient?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient who has nausea and vomiting. Which assessment data should be of most concern to the nurse?

Which outcome would the nurse include in the care plan for a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS)? Select all that apply.

Which action would the nurse take while providing home care to a patient with a stoma after a tracheostomy? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

The nurse admits a patient with a low BP who reports severe diarrhea for several days from a Clostridium difficile infection. Which IV fluid would the nurse associate with the need to rapidly replace the patient's fluid volume?

A patient with diabetes is starting on insulin therapy. Which type of insulin will the nurse discuss using for mealtime coverage?

Which patient statement indicates to the nurse that additional instruction is needed for a patient with chronic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?

Choose appropriate interventions to stabilize the patient with acute anemia. Select all that apply.