The nurse admits a patient with a low BP who reports severe diarrhea for several days from a Clostridium difficile infection. Which IV fluid would the nurse associate with the need to rapidly replace the patient's fluid volume?

0.45% sodium chloride

0.9% sodium chloride

5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium chloride

5% dextrose in 0.45% sodium chloride

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: 0.45% sodium chloride is a hypotonic solution, which is not ideal for rapidly replacing fluid volume in patients with low blood pressure due to severe diarrhea. Hypotonic solutions can cause fluid to move into cells rather than staying in the vascular space, potentially worsening hypotension.

Choice B reason: 0.9% sodium chloride, also known as normal saline, is an isotonic solution. It is the best choice for rapidly replacing fluid volume in patients with low blood pressure. Isotonic solutions stay in the vascular space and help restore circulating blood volume and blood pressure without causing fluid shifts that can lead to cellular edema or dehydration.

Choice C reason: 5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium chloride is a hypertonic solution, which might not be the most appropriate for initial rapid fluid resuscitation. Hypertonic solutions can draw fluid into the vascular space from the interstitial and intracellular spaces, potentially leading to rapid changes in fluid balance and electrolyte shifts.

Choice D reason: 5% dextrose in 0.45% sodium chloride is also a hypertonic solution but with a hypotonic component (0.45% sodium chloride). This combination is not typically used for rapid fluid resuscitation because it can cause fluid shifts that are less predictable and may complicate the patient's electrolyte balance and hydration status.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Improving public transportation to the clinic would indeed make it easier for residents to access healthcare services. However, this strategy alone does not directly address the cultural and specific health needs of the Hispanic community.

Choice B reason: Obtaining low-cost medications for clinic patients can alleviate some financial burdens and improve access to necessary treatments. While this is beneficial, it does not tackle the root of health disparities related to cultural differences and health beliefs.

Choice C reason: Teaching clinic staff about cultural health beliefs is crucial for reducing health care disparities and promoting health equity. Understanding the cultural background, health beliefs, and practices of the Hispanic community allows healthcare providers to deliver more culturally competent and patient-centered care, building trust and improving health outcomes.

Choice D reason: Updating equipment and supplies at the clinic can enhance the quality of care provided. However, without addressing the cultural competency of the healthcare staff, this strategy does not directly impact health equity or reduce disparities specific to the Hispanic community.

A. Warfarin B. Metformin C. Lisinopril

Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Warfarin should be held before surgery due to its anticoagulant properties. Continuing warfarin increases the risk of excessive bleeding during and after surgery. The patient's INR level is already elevated, indicating a higher risk of bleeding.

Choice B reason: Metformin should be held before surgery, especially for patients undergoing procedures that involve the use of contrast dye or anesthesia. Metformin can cause lactic acidosis in patients with renal impairment or when kidney function is affected by contrast agents or surgery.

Choice C reason: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor used to manage blood pressure. While some guidelines suggest holding ACE inhibitors before surgery due to the risk of intraoperative hypotension, this decision is often individualized based on the patient's condition and the type of surgery. It is not as universally indicated to be held as warfarin and metformin.

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The nurse admits a patient with a low BP who reports severe diarrhea for several days from a Clostridium difficile infection. Which IV fluid would the nurse associate with the need to rapidly replace the patient's fluid volume?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse works in a clinic located in a community where many of the residents are Hispanic. Which strategy, if implemented by the nurse, would decrease health care disparities and promote health equity for this community?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

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