When a female client preparing for surgery suddenly bursts into tears, the nurse should take which of the following actions? · Select one answer

Choice A reason: Identify outcomes is a step of the nursing process that involves setting measurable and realistic goals for the client’s health improvement or maintenance. The goals are based on the client’s needs, preferences, and values, and they are developed in collaboration with the client and the nurse. Therefore, this choice is correct.

Choice B reason: Planning is a step of the nursing process that involves designing a plan of care that outlines the interventions and activities that will help the client achieve the desired outcomes. The plan of care is also developed in collaboration with the client and the nurse, and it reflects the client’s priorities and resources. Therefore, this choice is correct.

Choice C reason: A “risk for” nursing diagnosis is a type of nursing diagnosis that identifies a potential problem or complication that the client may develop if preventive measures are not taken. It is not a step of the nursing process,

but rather a component of the assessment step, which involves collecting and analyzing data about the client’s health status. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

Choice D reason: Implementation is a step of the nursing process that involves carrying out the plan of care and performing the interventions and activities that were planned. It also involves monitoring the client’s response and progress, and documenting the outcomes. It is not a step where the goals are developed, but rather where they are executed. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

Choice A reason: Symptoms are subjective data that are reported by the client, such as pain, nausea, or fatigue. They are not observable or measurable by the nurse, and they may vary depending on the client’s perception or expression. The data that the PN discovered are not symptoms, but objective data that are observed or measured by the nurse, such as skin condition, oral mucus membranes, and temperature. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

Choice B reason: Urinary retention is a condition in which the client is unable to empty the bladder completely or at all. It can cause symptoms such as difficulty or pain in urinating, frequent or urgent urination, or abdominal distension. It can also lead to complications such as infection, kidney damage, or bladder rupture. The data that the PN discovered are not related to urinary retention, but to dehydration or fever. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

Choice C reason: Signs of fluid overload are objective data that indicate excess fluid in the body, such as edema, weight gain, crackles in the lungs, or elevated blood pressure. They can result from conditions such as heart failure,

kidney failure, or liver cirrhosis. The data that the PN discovered are not signs of fluid overload, but signs of fluid deficit or heat stroke. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

Choice D reason: Data clustering is a process of grouping related data together to form a meaningful patern that can support a nursing diagnosis. It can help the nurse to identify the client’s problems, needs, or risks, and to prioritize and plan interventions accordingly. The data that the PN discovered are an example of data clustering, as they represent a patern of signs that indicate a possible problem such as dehydration or fever. Therefore, this choice is correct.