What role do the kidneys have in the pharmacokinetics process?
Excretion
Absorption
Metabolism
Distribution
The Correct Answer is A
A) Excretion:
This is the correct answer. The kidneys play a crucial role in the excretion of drugs and their metabolites from the body. After drugs undergo metabolism in the liver or other tissues, the resulting metabolites are often water-soluble and can be filtered by the kidneys into the urine. This process helps eliminate drugs and their byproducts from the body, preventing their accumulation and potential toxicity.
B) Absorption:
Absorption refers to the movement of drugs from the site of administration into the bloodstream. While the kidneys do not directly facilitate drug absorption, they may indirectly influence drug absorption by regulating blood flow and systemic circulation.
C) Metabolism:
Metabolism, or biotransformation, involves the enzymatic alteration of drugs into metabolites, which are often more water-soluble and easier to excrete. While the liver is the primary site of drug metabolism, the kidneys do not play a direct role in drug metabolism.
D) Distribution:
Distribution refers to the movement of drugs from the bloodstream to various tissues and organs in the body. While the kidneys do not directly influence drug distribution, changes in renal function can affect drug distribution by altering blood flow and plasma protein binding. However, the primary role of the kidneys in pharmacokinetics is excretion, not distribution.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A) Respiratory rate 18/min:
A respiratory rate of 18/min is within the normal range for adults and is not a contraindication for administering atenolol. This finding does not warrant withholding the medication.
B) Oxygen saturation 95%:
An oxygen saturation of 95% is within the normal range and does not indicate any acute respiratory compromise. It is not a contraindication for administering atenolol.
C) Heart rate 46/min:
A heart rate of 46/min is below the normal range (typically 60-100 beats per minute for adults). Atenolol is a beta-blocker that primarily acts to reduce heart rate and blood pressure. Administering atenolol to a client with bradycardia (heart rate less than 60/min) can further decrease heart rate and may lead to symptomatic bradycardia or heart block. Therefore, the nurse should withhold atenolol in this case and notify the healthcare provider.
D) Blood pressure 160/94 mm Hg:
A blood pressure of 160/94 mm Hg indicates hypertension (elevated blood pressure). While atenolol is often prescribed for the management of hypertension, this blood pressure reading alone does not warrant withholding the medication. However, the client's bradycardia (heart rate 46/min)’is a more immediate concern that requires action."
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
B) Tachycardia:
Anticholinergic drugs, by blocking the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, can lead to increased sympathetic activity, resulting in tachycardia. Acetylcholine normally acts to moderate heart rate via vagal stimulation, so blocking its effects with anticholinergic medications can lead to an unopposed sympathetic response, causing an increase in heart rate.
A) Urinary Frequency:
Anticholinergic drugs typically cause urinary retention rather than urinary frequency. By blocking muscarinic receptors in the bladder, these medications can lead to decreased bladder contractility and urinary retention. Urinary frequency is not a common adverse effect of anticholinergic drugs.
C) Tachypnea:
Tachypnea, or rapid breathing, is not a typical adverse effect of anticholinergic medications. While anticholinergic drugs can affect respiratory secretions and cause drying of mucous membranes, leading to potential respiratory issues, tachypnea specifically is not commonly associated with their use.
D) Hypotension:
Anticholinergic drugs are more likely to cause hypertension rather than hypotension. By blocking the parasympathetic nervous system, these medications can lead to sympathetic dominance, resulting in increased blood pressure. Hypotension is not a typical adverse effect of anticholinergic drugs.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.