A nurse is preparing to administer ticarcillin/clavulanate 3.1 g by intermittent IV bolus over 30 min. Available is ticarcillin/clavulanate 3.1 g in 50 ml 0.9% sodium chloride (NSS). The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.) _mL/hr

B) Tachycardia:
Anticholinergic drugs, by blocking the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, can lead to increased sympathetic activity, resulting in tachycardia. Acetylcholine normally acts to moderate heart rate via vagal stimulation, so blocking its effects with anticholinergic medications can lead to an unopposed sympathetic response, causing an increase in heart rate.

A) Urinary Frequency:
Anticholinergic drugs typically cause urinary retention rather than urinary frequency. By blocking muscarinic receptors in the bladder, these medications can lead to decreased bladder contractility and urinary retention. Urinary frequency is not a common adverse effect of anticholinergic drugs.

C) Tachypnea:
Tachypnea, or rapid breathing, is not a typical adverse effect of anticholinergic medications. While anticholinergic drugs can affect respiratory secretions and cause drying of mucous membranes, leading to potential respiratory issues, tachypnea specifically is not commonly associated with their use.

D) Hypotension:
Anticholinergic drugs are more likely to cause hypertension rather than hypotension. By blocking the parasympathetic nervous system, these medications can lead to sympathetic dominance, resulting in increased blood pressure. Hypotension is not a typical adverse effect of anticholinergic drugs.

A) The parasympathetic nervous system:
This is the correct answer. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for regulating rest and digestion. It controls activities such as increased gastric motility, secretion of digestive enzymes, and relaxation of sphincters in the gastrointestinal tract. Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system promotes digestion and absorption of nutrients by increasing gastrointestinal activity.

B) The limbic system:
The limbic system is primarily involved in emotions, behavior, and long-term memory formation. While emotions can influence gastrointestinal function, including appetite and digestion, the limbic system itself does not directly control gastric motility and digestion.

C) The central nervous system:
The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord and plays a vital role in integrating and coordinating all body activities. While it indirectly influences gastrointestinal function through autonomic nervous system control, it is not the primary regulator of gastric motility and digestion.

D) The sympathetic nervous system:
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's fight or flight response, which involves activities such as increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and redirecting blood flow away from the digestive organs to skeletal muscles during times of stress or arousal. It typically inhibits digestive processes, including gastric motility, to conserve energy for immediate survival needs.