What is the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM)?
Loss of insulin receptors on the target cell, resulting in insulin resistance
Overproduction of insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas
A pituitary tumor in the brain, resulting in increased antidiuretic hormone production
Destruction of the beta cells within the pancreas, resulting in an inability to produce insulin
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Loss of insulin receptors on the target cell, resulting in insulin resistance, is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus, not type 15.
Choice B rationale
Overproduction of insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas is not a characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus. In fact, type 1 diabetes involves a lack of insulin due to the destruction of beta cells.
Choice C rationale
A pituitary tumor in the brain, resulting in increased antidiuretic hormone production, is not related to the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Choice D rationale
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is indeed caused by the destruction of the beta cells within the pancreas, which results in an inability to produce insulin.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Stress incontinence is not caused by a detrusor muscle problem. The detrusor muscle is the muscle in the wall of the bladder, and problems with this muscle are more commonly associated with urge incontinence.
Choice B rationale
Stress incontinence is indeed caused by a pelvic floor muscle problem. Weakness in these muscles can lead to urine leakage when pressure is placed on the bladder, such as when coughing, sneezing, or lifting heavy objects.
Choice C rationale
Stress incontinence does not only occur during sleep. It can occur at any time when pressure is placed on the bladder.
Choice D rationale
While stress incontinence is more common in women, it does not occur in women only. Men can also experience stress incontinence, although it is less common.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The client's symptoms, such as palpitations, high heart rate, restlessness, weight loss, amenorrhea, intolerance to heat, and bulging eyes, are consistent with hyperthyroidism. This condition occurs when the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones (Healthline, 2022).
Choice B rationale
Hypothyroidism typically presents with symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, and dry skin. This condition is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland (Healthline, 2022).
Choice C rationale
Hypoparathyroidism results from low parathyroid hormone levels, leading to symptoms like muscle cramps, tingling sensations, and tetany. It does not involve the thyroid gland (nih.gov, n.d.).
Choice D rationale
Hyperparathyroidism is caused by overactive parathyroid glands, resulting in high calcium levels in the blood. Symptoms include kidney stones, bone pain, and fatigue (Healthline, 2022).
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