What genetic abnormality would a nurse expect in a client diagnosed with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)?
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)
Fragile X syndrome
BRCA1 gene mutation
Philadelphia chromosome (BCR-ABL fusion gene)
The Correct Answer is D
A. Trisomy 21 is a chromosomal disorder resulting in Down syndrome. While individuals with Down syndrome have an increased risk of developing certain leukemias (such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia), it is not directly associated with CML.
B. Fragile X syndrome is a genetic condition caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome, leading to intellectual disability and other developmental issues. It is not associated with CML or any form of leukemia. This option is unrelated to the genetic abnormalities seen in CML.
C. The BRCA1 gene mutation is associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancers. While mutations in BRCA1 can affect cancer susceptibility, they are not linked to Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. Thus, this option does not apply to CML.
D. The Philadelphia chromosome is a specific genetic abnormality found in the majority of patients with CML. It results from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, creating the BCR-ABL fusion gene, which produces a tyrosine kinase that drives the proliferation of leukemic cells.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"C"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"B"},"D":{"answers":"A"}}
Explanation
Allogeneic Transplant
Matched Donor: This refers to a donor who is not genetically identical to the recipient but has a similar tissue type. This can include unrelated donors who are matched through registries.
Sibling Donor: A sibling can be a potential donor if they have a matching tissue type. Since siblings share genes, there is a higher chance of finding a match.
Autologous Transplant
Self-Donor: In this type of transplant, the patient donates their own stem cells before undergoing treatment (such as chemotherapy or radiation). These cells are then stored and re-infused after treatment to help the body recover.
Syngeneic Transplant
Twin Donor: This involves a donor who is an identical twin. Since identical twins have the same genetic makeup, there is a perfect match, reducing the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Ascites is a condition where excess fluid accumulates in the abdominal cavity. It is a common finding in advanced-stage ovarian cancer as the cancer can spread to the abdominal organs and lymph nodes, leading to fluid buildup.
B. Chest pressure is not a typical symptom of advanced-stage ovarian cancer. It might be associated with other conditions, such as heart disease or lung problems.
C. Painful urination is not a common symptom of advanced-stage ovarian cancer. It might be associated with other conditions, such as urinary tract infections or bladder problems.
D. Excessive flatus is not a typical symptom of advanced-stage ovarian cancer. It might be associated with other gastrointestinal conditions.
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