What are the possible physiological changes in the brain of a client diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease? (Select all that apply)

Brain atrophy

Overabundance of plaques (amyloid beta)

Overabundance of tangles (tau protein)

Enlargement of the hippocampus

Enlarged cerebral cortex

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C

A.   Brain atrophy is a common physiological change in the brain of individuals with Alzheimer's disease.
B.   An overabundance of plaques, specifically amyloid beta, is a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease.
C.   An overabundance of tangles, specifically tau protein, is also a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease.
D.   Enlargement of the hippocampus is not typically associated with Alzheimer's disease; rather, it tends to shrink.

E.   Enlarged cerebral cortex is not a typical physiological change in Alzheimer's disease; it actually tends to shrink.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Neologisms refer to made-up words or phrases that have meaning only to the individual. The client's response does not include invented terms but rather consists of real words that are nonsensically grouped.

B. Echolalia is the repetition of words or phrases spoken by others. The client's response does not reflect repetition of the nurse's words but rather a disjointed response of their own.

C. Pressured speech involves rapid and often incoherent speech that reflects a sense of urgency. The client's response lacks the rapid flow characteristic of pressured speech.

D. Clang association is characterized by speech in which the individual connects words based on their sound rather than their meaning. The client's response ("medications, abbreviations, deviations, mediations") demonstrates this pattern, as the words are linked by similar sounds rather than by content or coherent thought.

A. "Why don't you discuss that with your physician?" B. "I would rather you reconsider that decision." C. "What happened the last time you stopped taking your medication?" D. "The physician prescribed that medication to help you."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. This response may be seen as evading the client's statement. It's important to provide a more direct response.
B. This response may come across as controlling or confrontational, which may not promote open communication.
C. This response is a good therapeutic technique as it encourages the client to reflect on past experiences with stopping medication.
D. This response provides a clear and factual statement about the purpose of the prescribed medication, encouraging the client to understand its importance.

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What are the possible physiological changes in the brain of a client diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease? (Select all that apply)

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which of the following is the most therapeutic response by the nurse when a client states, "I no longer need my medication since I do not hear voices"?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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