What are the possible physiological changes in the brain of a client diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease? (Select all that apply)
Brain atrophy
Overabundance of plaques (amyloid beta)
Overabundance of tangles (tau protein)
Enlargement of the hippocampus
Enlarged cerebral cortex
Correct Answer : A,B,C
A. Brain atrophy is a common physiological change in the brain of individuals with Alzheimer's disease.
B. An overabundance of plaques, specifically amyloid beta, is a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease.
C. An overabundance of tangles, specifically tau protein, is also a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease.
D. Enlargement of the hippocampus is not typically associated with Alzheimer's disease; rather, it tends to shrink.
E. Enlarged cerebral cortex is not a typical physiological change in Alzheimer's disease; it actually tends to shrink.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A) Incorrect. Thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland and is not directly implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia.
B) Incorrect. Erythropoietin is a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells and is not directly implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia.
C) Correct. Glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter, has been implicated in the development of schizophrenia. Abnormalities in glutamate signaling have been identified in individuals with schizophrenia.
D) Incorrect. While serotonin abnormalities have been associated with mood disorders such as depression, they are not considered a primary factor in the etiology of schizophrenia.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Neologisms refer to made-up words or phrases that have meaning only to the individual. The client's response does not include invented terms but rather consists of real words that are nonsensically grouped.
B. Echolalia is the repetition of words or phrases spoken by others. The client's response does not reflect repetition of the nurse's words but rather a disjointed response of their own.
C. Pressured speech involves rapid and often incoherent speech that reflects a sense of urgency. The client's response lacks the rapid flow characteristic of pressured speech.
D. Clang association is characterized by speech in which the individual connects words based on their sound rather than their meaning. The client's response ("medications, abbreviations, deviations, mediations") demonstrates this pattern, as the words are linked by similar sounds rather than by content or coherent thought.
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