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What are the possible physiological changes in the brain of a client diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease? (Select all that apply)

A.

Brain atrophy

B.

Overabundance of plaques (amyloid beta)

C.

Overabundance of tangles (tau protein)

D.

Enlargement of the hippocampus

E.

Enlarged cerebral cortex

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C

A.    Brain atrophy is a common physiological change in the brain of individuals with Alzheimer's disease.
B.    An overabundance of plaques, specifically amyloid beta, is a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease.
C.    An overabundance of tangles, specifically tau protein, is also a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease.
D.    Enlargement of the hippocampus is not typically associated with Alzheimer's disease; rather, it tends to shrink.
 
E.    Enlarged cerebral cortex is not a typical physiological change in Alzheimer's disease; it actually tends to shrink.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Correct. Tardive dyskinesia is a side effect of long-term neuroleptic (antipsychotic) treatment. It is characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements, particularly of the face and tongue. This condition is more commonly seen in clients who have been on neuroleptics for extended periods.

B) Incorrect. Discontinuing neuroleptic treatment may lead to withdrawal symptoms or symptom recurrence, but it does not directly increase the risk of developing tardive dyskinesia.

C) Incorrect. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a different side effect associated with neuroleptic medications, characterized by hyperthermia, autonomic dysregulation, altered mental status, and generalized muscle rigidity.

D) Incorrect. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a different class of medications and are not associated with the development of tardive dyskinesia.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "Lab work is only needed at the start of taking the medication." This statement is incorrect. Regular monitoring of lithium levels and kidney function through lab work is crucial for ensuring the medication's effectiveness and preventing potential toxicity.

B. "Once I feel better, I will not need to take this medication anymore." This statement is incorrect. Lithium is typically prescribed for long-term maintenance in bipolar disorder to prevent relapses and stabilize mood.

C. "There is a chance I may become addicted to this medication." This statement is incorrect. Lithium is not addictive. It is a mood stabilizer used to manage bipolar disorder.

D. "I need to be aware of situations that may cause dehydration." This statement demonstrates an understanding of an important consideration with lithium. Dehydration can lead to an increase in lithium levels in the body, potentially leading to toxicity. It's important for clients taking lithium to stay well hydrated and be cautious in situations that may lead to dehydration.

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