Vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and water reabsorption to increase circulating ﬂuid volume and cardiac output are the primary functions of:

Stroke Volume

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System (RAAS)

Brain and Atrial natriuretic peptides (BNP & ANP)

Erythropoietin

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Stroke Volume refers to the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction, not to the regulation of ﬂuid volume and cardiac output.

Choice B reason: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System (RAAS) is responsible for vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and water reabsorption, which helps to increase circulating ﬂuid volume and cardiac output.

Choice C reason: Brain and Atrial natriuretic peptides (BNP & ANP) actually work to decrease blood volume and pressure, not increase them.

Choice D reason: Erythropoietin primarily stimulates red blood cell production and does not directly aﬀect ﬂuid volume or cardiac output.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Level of consciousness is the most basic and sensitive indicator of altered brain function and is considered the most reliable indicator of neurologic status.

Choice B reason: Temperature is not a direct indicator of neurologic status and does not change as rapidly in response to neurologic events.

Choice C reason: Blood pressure can be aﬀected by neurologic changes, but it is not as sensitive or specific as the level of consciousness.

Choice D reason: Pulse rate is not a direct indicator of neurologic status and can be inﬂuenced by a variety of non- neurologic factors.

A. Systolic Blood Pressure. B. Mean Arterial Blood Pressure. C. Central Venous Pressure (CVP). D. Systemic Vascular Resistance.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Systolic Blood Pressure is not a direct measure of preload; it indicates the pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart muscles.

Choice B reason: Mean Arterial Blood Pressure is an average blood pressure in an individual during a single cardiac cycle, but it does not specifically measure preload.

Choice C reason: Central Venous Pressure (CVP) is a direct measure of the blood volume returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump the blood into the arterial system, making it a key indicator of preload.

Choice D reason: Systemic Vascular Resistance refers to the resistance to blood ﬂow oﬀered by all of the systemic vasculature, excluding the pulmonary vasculature, and is not a measure of preload.

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Vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and water reabsorption to increase circulating ﬂuid volume and cardiac output are the primary functions of:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The most reliable indicator of neurologic status is which of the following?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

What is the main hemodynamic parameter that measures preload?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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