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What is not an expected assessment finding in a client with inflammation? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A reason: Higherthannormal number of CD4+ Tcells and CD8+ Tcells are normal is not a laboratory value that most adults with human immunodeficiency virus will exhibit, because it does not reflect the effect of the virus on the immune system. CD4+ Tcells and CD8+ Tcells are types of white blood cells that play a key role in the immune response. CD4+ Tcells are helper cells that activate and coordinate other immune cells, while CD8+ Tcells are cytotoxic cells that kill infected or abnormal cells. Human immunodeficiency virus infects and destroys CD4+ Tcells, which impairs the immune function and increases the risk of opportunistic infections and cancers. CD8+ Tcells are not directly affected by the virus, but they may increase in number as a compensatory mechanism to fight the infection. Therefore, most adults with human immunodeficiency virus will have lowerthannormal number of CD4+ Tcells and higher than normal CD8+ Tcells.

Choice B reason: Lowerthannormal number of CD4+ Tcells and CD8+ Tcells are normal is not a laboratory value that most adults with human immunodeficiency virus will exhibit, because it does not reflect the effect of the virus on the immune system, as explained above. Lowerthannormal number of CD4+ Tcells and CD8+ Tcells are normal may indicate a condition that affects both types of Tcells, such as aplastic anemia, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunosuppressive drugs.

Choice C reason: Lowerthannormal number of CD4+ Tcells and higher than normal CD8+ Tcells is a laboratory value that most adults with human immunodeficiency virus will exhibit, because it reflects the effect of the virus on the immune system, as explained above. Lowerthannormal number of CD4+ Tcells and higher than normal CD8+ Tcells may indicate the progression of the infection and the severity of the immunodeficiency. The normal range of CD4+ Tcells is 500 to 1500 cells per microliter of blood, while the normal range of CD8+ Tcells is 150 to 1000 cells per microliter of blood.

Choice D reason: Higherthannormal number of CD4+ Tcells and CD8+ Tcells are low is not a laboratory value that most adults with human immunodeficiency virus will exhibit, because it does not reflect the effect of the virus on the immune system, as explained above. Higherthannormal number of CD4+ Tcells and CD8+ Tcells are low may indicate a condition that affects CD8+ Tcells, such as leukemia, lymphoma, or corticosteroid therapy.

Choice A reason: These drugs kill the virus is not true about antiretroviral drugs used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), because it is inaccurate and misleading. Antiretroviral drugs do not kill the virus, but rather block or interfere with the enzymes or proteins that the virus needs to replicate or integrate into the host cells. Antiretroviral drugs can reduce the viral load, which is the amount of virus in the blood, but they cannot eliminate the virus completely.

Choice B reason: Only certain licensed drugs are effective is not true about antiretroviral drugs used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), because it is vague and incomplete. Antiretroviral drugs are licensed and approved by the regulatory authorities, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), based on their safety and efficacy. However, not all licensed drugs are equally effective for all people with HIV, as the virus can develop resistance or mutation to some drugs over time. Therefore, the choice and combination of antiretroviral drugs may vary depending on the individual's viral genotype, drug history, and drug interactions.

Choice C reason: A few missed doses per month are OK is not true about antiretroviral drugs used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), because it is incorrect and dangerous. Antiretroviral drugs require strict adherence and compliance, which means taking the drugs exactly as prescribed, without missing or skipping any doses. A few missed doses per month are not OK, as they can reduce the effectiveness of the drugs and increase the risk of viral resistance or mutation, which can lead to treatment failure or disease progression.

Choice D reason: These drugs inhibit viral replication is true about antiretroviral drugs used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), because it describes the mechanism and outcome of the drugs. Antiretroviral drugs inhibit viral replication, which means they prevent or slow down the multiplication or reproduction of the virus. Antiretroviral drugs can inhibit viral replication by targeting different stages of the viral life cycle, such as reverse transcription, integration, or maturation. Antiretroviral drugs can improve the immune function and quality of life of people with HIV.