A client is recovering from a fractured radius that occurred 8 weeks ago. In which stage of bone healing is the callus resorbed and transformed into bone?

Choice A reason: Candidiasis is an opportunistic infection associated with AIDS. Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida species, which normally live in the mouth, throat, vagina, and intestines. In people with AIDS, the immune system is weakened and cannot control the growth of Candida, leading to oral thrush, esophagitis, vaginitis, or systemic candidiasis.

Choice B reason: Hodgkin's lymphoma is not an opportunistic infection associated with AIDS. Hodgkin's lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. It is characterized by the presence of ReedSternberg cells, which are abnormal lymphocytes. The exact cause of Hodgkin's lymphoma is unknown, but it is not related to any specific infection.

Choice C reason: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is an opportunistic infection associated with AIDS. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is a fungal infection caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci, which normally lives in the lungs of healthy people without causing any symptoms. In people with AIDS, the immune system is weakened and cannot prevent the invasion of Pneumocystis jiroveci, leading to pneumonia, which is a serious and potentially fatal lung infection.

Choice D reason: Clostridium difficile is not an opportunistic infection associated with AIDS. Clostridium difficile is a bacterial infection caused by Clostridium difficile, which normally lives in the colon of healthy people without causing any problems. In some cases, the use of antibiotics can disrupt the normal balance of bacteria in the colon and allow Clostridium difficile to overgrow and produce toxins, leading to diarrhea, colitis, or pseudomembranous colitis. This infection can affect anyone, regardless of their HIV status.

Choice E reason: NonHodgkin's lymphoma is an opportunistic infection associated with AIDS. NonHodgkin's lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. It is characterized by the presence of abnormal lymphocytes, which may be B cells, T cells, or natural killer cells. NonHodgkin's lymphoma is associated with several infections, such as EpsteinBarr virus, human herpesvirus 8, hepatitis C virus, and human Tcell leukemia virus, which may trigger the transformation of lymphocytes in people with AIDS.

Choice A reason: "Tomorrow will be better." is not a statement that demonstrates empathy, but rather one that demonstrates false reassurance or denial. False reassurance or denial is a communication barrier that dismisses or minimizes the client's feelings or concerns, and offers unrealistic or vague promises that may not be fulfilled. False reassurance or denial can make the client feel invalidated, misunderstood, or hopeless.

Choice B reason: "This must be hard news to hear. Tell me more about it." is a statement that demonstrates empathy, which is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person. Empathy is a communication skill that acknowledges and validates the client's feelings or concerns, and invites the client to express and explore them further. Empathy can make the client feel supported, respected, and empowered.

Choice C reason: "What is your biggest fear about this diagnosis?" is not a statement that demonstrates empathy, but rather one that demonstrates probing or prying. Probing or prying is a communication barrier that asks intrusive or inappropriate questions that may make the client feel uncomfortable, defensive, or threatened. Probing or prying can make the client feel violated, judged, or pressured.

Choice D reason: "I believe you can overcome this because I've seen how strong you are." is not a statement that demonstrates empathy, but rather one that demonstrates stereotyping or labeling. Stereotyping or labeling is a communication barrier that assigns a fixed or generalized characteristic to a person or a situation, without considering the individuality or uniqueness of the person or the situation. Stereotyping or labeling can make the client feel objectified, devalued, or misunderstood.