A nurse is teaching a newly hired group of unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) about infectioncontrol measures on the unit. What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of pathogens during client care?

Choice A reason: "I will monitor my nutrition and fluid status." is not a statement that requires further teaching or clarification, because it is correct and appropriate. Monitoring nutrition and fluid status is an important selfcare measure for people with HIV, as it can help maintain the immune function, prevent dehydration, and promote healing. People with HIV should eat a balanced and varied diet, drink enough water, and avoid foods or drinks that can cause diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting.

Choice B reason: "Because I have HIV, that means I'm an AIDS patient." is a statement that requires further teaching or clarification, because it is incorrect and misleading. Having HIV does not mean that one has AIDS, but rather that one is at risk of developing AIDS. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS, which is the most advanced stage of the infection. AIDS is diagnosed when the CD4+ Tcell count drops below 200 cells per microliter of blood, or when the person develops one or more opportunistic infections or cancers. People with HIV can delay or prevent the progression to AIDS by taking antiretroviral drugs, which can suppress the viral load and improve the immune function.

Choice C reason: "I can still have unprotected intercourse with my partner since he doesn't have HIV." is a statement that requires further teaching or clarification, because it is incorrect and misleading. Having unprotected intercourse with a partner who does not have HIV is not safe or advisable, as it can expose the partner to the risk of contracting HIV. HIV is transmitted through sexual contact, as well as through blood, semen, vaginal fluid, or breast milk. People with HIV should use condoms or other barrier methods during intercourse, regardless of the HIV status of their partner. People with HIV should also inform their partner about their infection, and encourage them to get tested and treated if needed.

Choice D reason: "I need to ensure that I place my needles in a proper needle disposal container." is not a statement that requires further teaching or clarification, because it is correct and appropriate. Placing needles in a proper needle disposal container is an important infection prevention measure for people with HIV, as it can prevent the accidental or intentional reuse or sharing of needles, which can transmit HIV or other bloodborne diseases. People with HIV should use new and sterile needles for injections, and dispose of them in a punctureresistant and leakproof container, which can be obtained from a pharmacy, clinic, or health department.

Choice E reason: "I can spread this through contact with surfaces, so I need to wear gloves in public." is a statement that requires further teaching or clarification, because it is incorrect and exaggerated. Spreading HIV through contact with surfaces is not possible or likely, as the virus does not survive long outside the body, and is not transmitted by casual contact, such as touching, hugging, or sharing utensils. Wearing gloves in public is not necessary or advisable, as it can create a false sense of security, stigma, or discrimination. People with HIV should practice good hygiene, such as washing hands, covering coughs, and cleaning wounds, but they do not need to wear gloves or other protective equipment in public.

Choice A reason: Determine whether it is temporary or permanent is not the nurse's priority action for a client with compromised immunity, because it is not the most urgent and relevant. Determining whether the compromised immunity is temporary or permanent is an important assessment, but it should be done after ensuring the safety and infection prevention of the client. Compromised immunity can be temporary or permanent, depending on the cause, such as medication, disease, or genetic disorder.

Choice B reason: Take the client's vital signs every four hours is not the nurse's priority action for a client with compromised immunity, because it is not the most urgent and relevant. Taking the client's vital signs every four hours is an important monitoring, but it should be done after ensuring the safety and infection prevention of the client. Vital signs can indicate the general health status and the presence of infection or inflammation, such as fever, tachycardia, or hypotension.

Choice C reason: Teach the family members to receive the flu shot annually is not the nurse's priority action for a client with compromised immunity, because it is not the most urgent and relevant. Teaching the family members to receive the flu shot annually is an important education, but it should be done after ensuring the safety and infection prevention of the client. The flu shot is a vaccine that can protect the family members and the client from influenza, which can be a serious and potentially fatal infection for people with compromised immunity.

Choice D reason: Wash hands before entering the client's room is the nurse's priority action for a client with compromised immunity, because it is the most urgent and relevant. Washing hands before entering the client's room is a basic and essential infection prevention measure, which can protect the client from exposure to pathogens that can cause infection. People with compromised immunity have a weakened or impaired immune system, which makes them more susceptible and vulnerable to infection.