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A client with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) develops pneumonia. What type of infection is this?

A pathogenic infection

An opportunistic infection

A nosocomial infection

A root cause infection

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: This is an incorrect answer because a pathogenic infection is caused by a microorganism that can cause disease in a healthy host. Pathogens are usually able to overcome the host's immune defenses and cause symptoms and damage. Examples of pathogenic infections are strep throat, tuberculosis, and malaria.

Choice B reason: This is the correct answer because an opportunistic infection is caused by a microorganism that normally does not cause disease in a healthy host, but can take advantage of a weakened immune system and cause serious illness. Opportunistic infections are common and often lifethreatening complications of HIV infection, as the virus destroys the CD4 cells that help fight infections. Examples of opportunistic infections are pneumocystis pneumonia, candidiasis, and toxoplasmosis.

Choice C reason: This is an incorrect answer because a nosocomial infection is acquired in a health care setting, such as a hospital, clinic, or nursing home. Nosocomial infections are usually caused by microorganisms that are resistant to antibiotics and can spread easily among patients and staff. Examples of nosocomial infections are methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Clostridioides difficile (C. diff), and urinary tract infections.

Choice D reason: This is an incorrect answer because a root cause infection is not a valid term in medical terminology. A root cause is the underlying factor or reason that leads to a problem or outcome. A root cause analysis is a process of identifying and addressing the root causes of a problem or event, such as an infection, to prevent recurrence and improve quality and safety.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: "I will use a humidifier during the winter months." is not the correct answer, because it indicates a good understanding of dry skin. Using a humidifier during the winter months is a helpful measure to prevent or treat dry skin, as it can increase the moisture level in the air, which can hydrate the skin and reduce the loss of natural oils.

Choice B reason: "I will shower every day in hot water." is the correct answer, because it indicates a need for further teaching about dry skin. Showering every day in hot water is a harmful practice that can worsen dry skin, as it can strip the skin of its natural oils, damage the skin barrier, and cause irritation and inflammation.

Choice C reason: "I will avoid tight belts." is not the correct answer, because it indicates a good understanding of dry skin. Avoiding tight belts is a helpful measure to prevent or treat dry skin, as it can reduce the friction and pressure on the skin, which can prevent skin breakdown and infection.

Choice D reason: "I will drink at least 3000 mL of water daily." is not the correct answer, because it indicates a good understanding of dry skin. Drinking at least 3000 mL of water daily is a helpful measure to prevent or treat dry skin, as it can hydrate the body and the skin, and flush out toxins and waste products.

A. Fowler's position B. Sim's position C. Prone position D. Lateral position

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Fowler's position is a semisitting position with the head of the bed elevated at 45 to 60 degrees. This position allows for maximum expansion of the chest and improves ventilation and oxygenation. It also reduces the work of breathing and prevents the abdominal organs from compressing the diaphragm.

Choice B reason: Sim's position is a sidelying position with the lower arm behind the back and the upper knee flexed. This position is used for patients who are unconscious, have difficulty swallowing, or are receiving an enema. It does not facilitate breathing or oxygenation for patients with COPD.

Choice C reason: Prone position is a lying position with the face down and the arms at the sides or bent at the elbows. This position is used for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or severe lung injury to improve oxygenation and reduce lung inflammation. It is not recommended for patients with COPD as it may increase the risk of aspiration, pressure ulcers, and nerve damage.

Choice D reason: Lateral position is a sidelying position with the upper leg slightly flexed and supported by a pillow. This position is used for patients who are resting or sleeping to prevent pressure ulcers and promote comfort. It does not improve breathing or oxygenation for patients with COPD.

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This is the edited text:A client with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) develops pneumonia. What type of infection is this?

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This is the edited text:

A client with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) develops pneumonia. What type of infection is this?