What client is a susceptible host most at risk for infection?
A client with leukemia
A child who is immunized
A 60yearold client
A hospitalized 35yearold client
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: A client with leukemia is a susceptible host most at risk for infection. Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood cells, especially the white blood cells, which are responsible for fighting infections. Leukemia causes the production of abnormal and immature white blood cells that cannot function properly and crowd out the normal ones. This leads to a condition called leukopenia, which is a low level of white blood cells. Leukopenia makes the client more vulnerable to infection by reducing the immune system's ability to defend against pathogens.
Choice B reason: A child who is immunized is not a susceptible host most at risk for infection. Immunization is a process that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against a specific disease. Immunization protects the child from getting infected by the disease or reduces the severity of the infection if it occurs. Immunization also prevents the spread of the disease to other people who are not immunized or who are immunocompromised.
Choice C reason: A 60yearold client is not a susceptible host most at risk for infection. Age is a factor that may influence the susceptibility to infection, but it is not the most important one. Older adults may have a weaker immune system due to aging, chronic diseases, or medications, but they may also have a stronger immune memory due to previous exposure to pathogens. The risk of infection in older adults depends on their overall health status, lifestyle, and preventive measures.
Choice D reason: A hospitalized 35yearold client is not a susceptible host most at risk for infection. Hospitalization is a factor that may increase the exposure to infection, but it is not the most significant one. Hospitalized clients may encounter various sources of infection, such as health care workers, other clients, medical equipment, or invasive procedures, but they may also receive adequate infection control measures, such as hand hygiene, isolation, sterilization, or prophylaxis. The risk of infection in hospitalized clients depends on their diagnosis, treatment, and compliance.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Shearing or friction is the force that caused the injury, because it occurs when the skin and underlying tissues move in opposite directions, such as when the client slides down in bed. Shearing or friction can damage the blood vessels and reduce blood flow to the skin, resulting in tissue ischemia, necrosis, and ulceration.
Choice B reason: Pressure or gravity is not the force that caused the injury, because it occurs when the skin and underlying tissues are compressed between a bony prominence and an external surface, such as when the client lies on his back. Pressure or gravity can impair blood flow and oxygen delivery to the skin, resulting in tissue damage and ulceration.
Choice C reason: Chemical or pressure is not the force that caused the injury, because it occurs when the skin is exposed to a substance that causes irritation, inflammation, or corrosion, such as when the client has a wound dressing that contains an antiseptic or a topical agent. Chemical or pressure can damage the skin barrier and increase the risk of infection and delayed wound healing.
Choice D reason: Twisting and bending is not the force that caused the injury, because it occurs when the skin and underlying tissues are stretched or distorted, such as when the client twists his ankle or bends his knee. Twisting and bending can cause sprains, strains, or tears of the ligaments, tendons, or muscles.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Higherthannormal number of CD4+ Tcells and CD8+ Tcells are normal is not a laboratory value that most adults with human immunodeficiency virus will exhibit, because it does not reflect the effect of the virus on the immune system. CD4+ Tcells and CD8+ Tcells are types of white blood cells that play a key role in the immune response. CD4+ Tcells are helper cells that activate and coordinate other immune cells, while CD8+ Tcells are cytotoxic cells that kill infected or abnormal cells. Human immunodeficiency virus infects and destroys CD4+ Tcells, which impairs the immune function and increases the risk of opportunistic infections and cancers. CD8+ Tcells are not directly affected by the virus, but they may increase in number as a compensatory mechanism to fight the infection. Therefore, most adults with human immunodeficiency virus will have lowerthannormal number of CD4+ Tcells and higher than normal CD8+ Tcells.
Choice B reason: Lowerthannormal number of CD4+ Tcells and CD8+ Tcells are normal is not a laboratory value that most adults with human immunodeficiency virus will exhibit, because it does not reflect the effect of the virus on the immune system, as explained above. Lowerthannormal number of CD4+ Tcells and CD8+ Tcells are normal may indicate a condition that affects both types of Tcells, such as aplastic anemia, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunosuppressive drugs.
Choice C reason: Lowerthannormal number of CD4+ Tcells and higher than normal CD8+ Tcells is a laboratory value that most adults with human immunodeficiency virus will exhibit, because it reflects the effect of the virus on the immune system, as explained above. Lowerthannormal number of CD4+ Tcells and higher than normal CD8+ Tcells may indicate the progression of the infection and the severity of the immunodeficiency. The normal range of CD4+ Tcells is 500 to 1500 cells per microliter of blood, while the normal range of CD8+ Tcells is 150 to 1000 cells per microliter of blood.
Choice D reason: Higherthannormal number of CD4+ Tcells and CD8+ Tcells are low is not a laboratory value that most adults with human immunodeficiency virus will exhibit, because it does not reflect the effect of the virus on the immune system, as explained above. Higherthannormal number of CD4+ Tcells and CD8+ Tcells are low may indicate a condition that affects CD8+ Tcells, such as leukemia, lymphoma, or corticosteroid therapy.
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