The nurse is most concerned about which of these findings in a client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

The client has a butterfly rash

Blood pressure of 126/85 mm Hg

The client reports chronic fatigue

Urine output of 20 mL/hour

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: The client having a butterfly rash is not a concerning finding in a client with SLE. A butterfly rash is a malar rash that appears across the cheeks and the bridge of the nose. It is a common sign of SLE and may flare up or fade depending on the disease activity. It does not indicate any serious complication or organ damage.

Choice B reason: A blood pressure of 126/85 mm Hg is not a concerning finding in a client with SLE. This blood pressure is within the normal range and does not indicate hypertension or hypotension. Hypertension is a possible complication of SLE that may affect the kidneys, the heart, or the brain. Hypotension may indicate shock, dehydration, or infection.

Choice C reason: The client reporting chronic fatigue is not a concerning finding in a client with SLE. Chronic fatigue is a common symptom of SLE that affects the quality of life and the ability to perform daily activities. It may be caused by inflammation, pain, anemia, depression, or medication side effects. It does not indicate any acute or lifethreatening condition.

Choice D reason: A urine output of 20 mL/hour is a concerning finding in a client with SLE. This urine output is below the normal range of 30 to 50 mL/hour and indicates oliguria, which is a reduced urine production. Oliguria may indicate acute kidney injury, which is a serious complication of SLE that may lead to renal failure or death. The nurse should monitor the client's urine output, fluid balance, electrolytes, and kidney function and report any abnormal findings to the provider.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is the correct statement because it reflects the fact that reexposure to HIV can increase the viral load and accelerate the decline of the immune system. HIV is a virus that infects and destroys the CD4 cells, which are the white blood cells that help fight infections. AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection, when the CD4 count falls below 200 cells/mm3 or the client develops an opportunistic infection. The progression from HIV to AIDS can vary from person to person, depending on several factors, such as viral strain, genetic factors, treatment adherence, and coinfections. Reexposure to HIV can expose the client to a different or more aggressive strain of the virus, which can overwhelm the immune system and hasten the development of AIDS.

Choice B reason: This is an incorrect statement because it ignores the role of nutrition in maintaining the health and function of the immune system. Diet can influence the progression of HIV to AIDS by affecting the client's weight, energy, metabolism, and susceptibility to infections. The client should eat a balanced and varied diet that provides adequate calories, protein, vitamins, minerals, and fluids. The client should also avoid foods that can cause diarrhea, dehydration, or food poisoning, which can worsen the symptoms and complications of HIV infection.

Choice C reason: This is an incorrect statement because it contradicts the evidence that shows that meditation can have positive effects on the psychological and physiological wellbeing of people living with HIV. Meditation is a mindbody practice that involves focusing attention on the present moment, breathing, and relaxation. Meditation can help the client cope with stress, anxiety, depression, and pain, which are common challenges for people living with HIV. Meditation can also improve the immune system function by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and cortisol levels, which can slow down the progression of HIV to AIDS.

Choice D reason: This is an incorrect statement because it overlooks the impact of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on the course of HIV infection. STIs can increase the risk of transmitting and acquiring HIV by causing ulcers, inflammation, or bleeding in the genital area, which can facilitate the entry and exit of the virus. STIs can also increase the viral load and decrease the CD4 count, which can speed up the progression of HIV to AIDS. The client should practice safe sex by using condoms, getting tested and treated for STIs, and informing their sexual partners about their HIV status.

A. Stage 4 B. Stage 3 C. Stage 5 D. Stage 1

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Stage 4 is the remodeling stage of bone healing, which occurs from 6 to 12 weeks after the fracture. In this stage, the callus, which is a mass of fibrous tissue and cartilage that forms around the fracture site, is gradually resorbed and replaced by mature bone. The bone becomes stronger and more compact and regains its original shape and function.

Choice B reason: Stage 3 is the callus formation stage of bone healing, which occurs from 2 to 6 weeks after the fracture. In this stage, the granulation tissue, which is a soft tissue that fills the fracture gap, is replaced by a callus that bridges the fracture ends. The callus is composed of fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts that produce collagen, cartilage, and bone matrix. The callus stabilizes the fracture and prepares it for remodeling.

Choice C reason: Stage 5 is not a valid stage of bone healing. There are only four stages of bone healing: stage 1 is the inflammatory stage, stage 2 is the reparative stage, stage 3 is the callus formation stage, and stage 4 is the remodeling stage.

Choice D reason: Stage 1 is the inflammatory stage of bone healing, which occurs from the time of the fracture to 3 to 5 days after the fracture. In this stage, the blood vessels around the fracture site are ruptured and form a hematoma, which is a blood clot that surrounds the fracture ends. The hematoma triggers an inflammatory response that involves the release of cytokines, growth factors, and inflammatory cells that initiate the healing process. The hematoma also provides a scaffold for the granulation tissue to grow.

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The nurse is most concerned about which of these findings in a client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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