The nurse should teach a pregnant woman that which substances are teratogens? (Select all that apply.).

Choice A rationale:

Facilitate maternal-newborn interaction. Facilitating maternal-newborn interaction is an important aspect of breastfeeding, but it is not the primary purpose of encouraging breastfeeding immediately after an emergency birth. The primary purpose is to initiate the lactation cycle, allowing the newborn to receive essential colostrum, the first milk rich in antibodies and nutrients, which aids in the development of the newborn's immune system.

Choice B rationale:

Stimulate the uterus to contract. While breastfeeding can stimulate uterine contractions due to oxytocin release, the primary purpose of encouraging breastfeeding in this context is not to contract the uterus but to initiate the lactation cycle for the newborn's benefit.

Choice C rationale:

Prevent neonatal hypoglycemia. Breastfeeding can help prevent neonatal hypoglycemia by providing the newborn with a constant supply of nutrients, but the primary purpose immediately after an emergency birth is to initiate the lactation cycle and provide colostrum, not solely to prevent hypoglycemia.

Choice D rationale:

Initiate the lactation cycle. Initiating the lactation cycle is the correct answer because breastfeeding immediately after birth helps the woman's body start producing milk and provides the newborn with colostrum, essential for their health and development. Colostrum is rich in antibodies and nutrients, offering vital protection and nourishment to the newborn.

The correct answer is Choice A.

Choice A rationale: Increasing the caloric density of an infant's formula provides more calories in a smaller volume, reducing the energy expenditure required for feeding. This approach ensures the infant receives adequate nutrition while managing heart failure symptoms effectively.

Choice B rationale: Feeding an infant every 2 hours can lead to feeding intolerance and fatigue. Infants with heart failure often have limited energy reserves and need longer intervals between feedings to conserve energy and improve feeding effectiveness.

Choice C rationale: Increasing the amount of formula per feeding can overwhelm an infant with heart failure, leading to fatigue and decreased feeding efficiency. Smaller, frequent feedings with higher caloric density are more effective in providing necessary nutrients.

Choice D rationale: Placing a nasal oxygen cannula on an infant during feeding is not a standard recommendation for managing heart failure. While oxygen therapy may be necessary for some infants, it is not specifically tied to feeding practices and should be used based on individual clinical assessments.