The nurse recognizes that which statement correctly characterizes drug absorption?

Drugs given subcutaneously are absorbed more quickly than those given intramuscularly.

Most drugs must enter the systemic circulation to have a therapeutic effect.

Most oral medications are absorbed more quickly when administered with meals.

Mucous membranes are relatively impermeable to chemicals, making absorption slow.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

B. Drug absorption refers to the process by which a drug moves from its site of administration into the bloodstream. Once absorbed into the bloodstream (systemic circulation), drugs can distribute to various tissues and exert their therapeutic effects.

A. Different routes of drug administration affect the rate and extent of absorption. Subcutaneous injections are generally absorbed more quickly than intramuscular injections due to differences in blood flow and tissue characteristics.

C. The effect of meals on drug absorption varies depending on the specific medication. Some drugs are absorbed faster on an empty stomach, while others may be absorbed better with food.

D. Mucous membranes, contrary to the statement, are relatively permeable to drugs, allowing for rapid absorption when medications are administered via buccal, sublingual, rectal, or vaginal routes.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Confusion can be an early sign of hypoxia, especially when oxygen delivery to the brain is compromised. Inadequate oxygenation can affect cognitive function and mental status, leading to confusion. This occurs because the brain is highly sensitive to changes in oxygen levels.

B. Apnea refers to the absence of breathing. While severe hypoxia can lead to respiratory arrest and apnea, it is not typically an early manifestation of hypoxia. Early hypoxia is characterized by attempts to increase ventilation to compensate for decreased oxygen levels, rather than complete cessation of breathing.

C. Cyanosis occurs when there is a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood. Cyanosis is a late sign of hypoxia and usually indicates significant oxygen deprivation. It is not typically seen in early hypoxia stages.

DDysrhythmias (irregular heart rhythms) can occur as a result of hypoxia, especially if the heart muscle is not receiving enough oxygen. However, dysrhythmias are generally considered a later manifestation of hypoxia, as the heart attempts to compensate for decreased oxygen delivery.

A. Overweight B. History of prostate cancer C. Male D. Smoking E. 74-years-old

Correct Answer is ["A","D"]

Explanation

A. Overweight or obesity is a modifiable risk factor. It can be addressed through lifestyle changes such as diet modification, increased physical activity, and behavioral interventions aimed at weight loss.

D. Smoking is a modifiable risk factor. It is within an individual's control to quit smoking, which can significantly reduce the risk of various health problems, including cancer.

B. A history of prostate cancer is not a modifiable risk factor. Once a person has had prostate cancer, it cannot be changed through lifestyle modifications or interventions.

C. Being male is a non-modifiable risk factor for prostate cancer. Gender is determined biologically and cannot be changed.

E. Age is a non-modifiable risk factor. As individuals age, they are naturally at higher risk for certain health conditions, including prostate cancer. Age cannot be changed through interventions.

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The nurse recognizes that which statement correctly characterizes drug absorption?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is assessing a client who has a respiratory problem. Which clinical manifestation is most reflective of early hypoxia?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a 74-year-old male client. The client has a family history of prostate cancer, is 50 pounds overweight and history of smoking tobacco X 60 years. Which of the following are modifiable risk factors for this client's health? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

Correct Answer is ["A","D"]

Explanation

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