The nurse notes that which disorder places the patient at greatest risk for hypertensive crisis?

Pheochromocytoma

Adrenal insufficiency

Hypothyroidism

Diabetes insipidus

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal glands that can cause excessive production of catecholamines (such as norepinephrine and epinephrine), leading to a hypertensive crisis. This condition can cause severe hypertension, headaches, palpitations, and sweating.
B. Adrenal insufficiency is typically associated with low blood pressure, not hypertension. It is characterized by symptoms like weakness, fatigue, and hypotension, which are not linked to hypertensive crises.
C. Hypothyroidism is associated with low blood pressure and bradycardia, not an increased risk of hypertensive crisis. It typically leads to symptoms like weight gain, fatigue, and cold intolerance.
D. Diabetes insipidus is a condition that leads to excessive urination and thirst due to a lack of antidiuretic hormone, but it does not directly lead to a hypertensive crisis. It is primarily concerned with electrolyte imbalance and dehydration.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "It is caused by the lack of production of insulin by the pancreas.": This is incorrect. The lack of insulin production causes diabetes mellitus, not Addison’s disease. Addison’s disease results from insufficient production of adrenal hormones, particularly aldosterone and cortisol.
B. "It is caused by the overproduction of parathormone by the parathyroid gland.": This is incorrect. Parathormone is produced by the parathyroid glands and regulates calcium balance, but overproduction of parathormone leads to conditions such as hyperparathyroidism, not Addison’s disease.
C. "It is caused by the lack of production of aldosterone by the adrenal gland.": This is correct. Addison’s disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, is caused by the inability of the adrenal glands to produce sufficient aldosterone and cortisol, two critical hormones. Aldosterone helps regulate sodium and potassium balance, and cortisol helps the body respond to stress.
D. "It is caused by the overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland.": This is incorrect. Overproduction of growth hormone causes acromegaly or gigantism, not Addison’s disease. Addison’s disease results from adrenal insufficiency, not pituitary gland dysfunction.

A. 4 oz diet soda B. 4 oz skim milk C. Graham crackers D. 1 tsp sugar

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. 4 oz diet soda: This is incorrect. Diet soda contains no sugar and will not raise the client's blood glucose level. Although it may provide some hydration, it won't address the hypoglycemia.
B. 4 oz skim milk: This is the correct choice. Skim milk contains both lactose (a sugar) and protein, which can help raise the blood glucose and stabilize it over a longer period. This is a suitable option for treating mild hypoglycemia.
C. Graham crackers: While graham crackers contain carbohydrates, they are not the most immediate or efficient choice in this case. They are slower to digest and may not raise the blood glucose level as quickly as the combination of sugar and protein found in milk.
D. 1 tsp sugar: This is not the best option. While sugar can raise blood glucose, it is a fast-acting form of carbohydrate that may not sustain the client's blood glucose for a longer period. A more balanced option, such as milk, would provide both rapid and sustained glucose elevation.

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The nurse notes that which disorder places the patient at greatest risk for hypertensive crisis?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A staff nurse is teaching a client who has Addison's disease about the disease process. The client asks the nurse what causes Addison's disease. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who reports feeling shaky and having palpitations. When the nurse finds the client's blood glucose to be 48 mg/dL on the glucometer, he should give the client which of the following?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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