The nurse notes that a patient has a smooth and shiny tongue surface.
The nurse would attribute these findings to which condition?
The patient has neutropenia.
The patient has polycythemia.
The patient has pernicious anemia.
The patient has elevated estrogen levels.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale:
Neutropenia is a condition characterized by a low number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell. Neutropenic patients are at increased risk of infections, but neutropenia does not cause specific changes in the tongue surface. The smooth and shiny tongue surface described in the question is not indicative of neutropenia.
Choice B rationale:
Polycythemia is a condition characterized by an abnormally high concentration of hemoglobin in the blood. It can cause the skin to appear reddish or flushed, but it does not directly cause changes in the tongue surface such as smoothness and shininess.
Choice C rationale:
Pernicious anemia is a type of anemia caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12, which is essential for the formation of red blood cells and the maintenance of the nervous system. One of the characteristic signs of pernicious anemia is glossitis, which is inflammation of the tongue that can make the tongue appear smooth and shiny. This finding aligns with the description provided in the question.
Choice D rationale:
Elevated estrogen levels can cause changes in the skin, such as increased pigmentation or the development of spider veins, but they do not directly cause changes in the tongue surface as described in the question.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Silent ischemia refers to a lack of oxygen to the heart that doesn't cause symptoms like chest pain. It is often diagnosed during an electrocardiogram (ECG) done for other reasons. The patient in this scenario is experiencing chest pain, so silent ischemia is not the correct choice.
Choice B rationale:
Angina decubitus refers to chest pain that occurs while lying down and is relieved by standing or sitting. The patient in this scenario is experiencing chest pain at rest, which is not characteristic of angina decubitus.
Choice D rationale:
Chronic stable angina is chest pain or discomfort that typically occurs with activity or stress and is relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. The patient in this scenario is experiencing chest pain at rest, which is not characteristic of chronic stable angina.
Correct Answer is ["C","B"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Anemia is not a direct manifestation of target organ damage from hypertension.
Choice B rationale:
Aneurysm is a correct answer. Persistent high blood pressure can weaken the walls of arteries, making them more susceptible to forming an aneurysm. Aneurysms can occur in various arteries, such as the aorta, and can lead to life-threatening complications if they rupture.
Choice C rationale:
Proteinuria is also a correct answer. Hypertension can damage the kidneys, leading to proteinuria, the presence of excess proteins in the urine. This is an indication of kidney damage and is a common manifestation of hypertensive target organ disease.
Choice D rationale:
Pneumonia and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) are not direct manifestations of target organ damage from hypertension.
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