Which fluid replacement therapy would the nurse prepare to administer for a patient who is exhibiting clinical manifestations of hypovolemic shock?

0.459% saline.

0.9% NaCl.

5% dextrose in 0.45% saline.

Dextran.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale:

0.459% saline is a hypotonic solution with a lower concentration of salt than the normal physiological range (0.9% NaCl) Hypotonic solutions can cause red blood cells to swell and potentially burst due to the osmotic imbalance, making it inappropriate for hypovolemic shock.

Choice B rationale:

0.9% NaCl, also known as normal saline, is an isotonic solution with a salt concentration similar to the body's own fluids. Isotonic solutions are ideal for hypovolemic shock as they help to expand the intravascular volume without causing significant shifts of fluid and electrolytes within the body compartments.

Choice C rationale:

5% dextrose in 0.45% saline is a hypotonic solution with a low salt concentration. While it provides some fluid replacement, it doesn't address the electrolyte imbalance adequately, which is crucial in hypovolemic shock.

Choice D rationale:

Dextran is a plasma volume expander but is not the first-line choice for hypovolemic shock. It might be used in certain situations, but isotonic crystalloids like 0.9% NaCl are preferred for rapid volume expansion and stabilization of the patient.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Metabolic acidosis is characterized by low blood pH and low bicarbonate ion levels. The patient's bicarbonate ion level (24 mEq/L) is within the normal range, and the low pH (7.32) and elevated PaCO2 (56 mm Hg) indicate respiratory acidosis, not metabolic acidosis.

Choice B rationale:

Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by high blood pH and high bicarbonate ion levels. The patient's pH is low (7.32), and the bicarbonate ion level (24 mEq/L) is within the normal range, indicating respiratory acidosis rather than metabolic alkalosis.

Choice C rationale:

Respiratory acidosis is characterized by low blood pH and high PaCO2 levels. In this case, the patient has a low pH (7.32) and elevated PaCO2 (56 mm Hg), indicating respiratory acidosis. The bicarbonate ion level (24 mEq/L) is a compensatory response. Respiratory alkalosis would present with high pH and low PaCO2 levels.

Choice D rationale:

Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by high blood pH and low PaCO2 levels. The patient's PaCO2 level is elevated (56 mm Hg), indicating respiratory acidosis, not alkalosis. The low pH (7.32) further supports the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis.

A. "There is no identified cause!” B. "A decrease in plasma renin levels.” C. "Too much plaque in the blood vessels.” D. "Kidney disease is the most common cause.”

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice B rationale:

A decrease in plasma renin levels is not a known cause of primary hypertension. Primary hypertension often has no identifiable cause, and it is a diagnosis of exclusion.

Choice C rationale:

Too much plaque in the blood vessels describes atherosclerosis, which is a risk factor for hypertension but not the direct cause of primary hypertension. Plaque buildup narrows arteries and increases resistance, contributing to elevated blood pressure.

Choice D rationale:

Kidney disease can cause secondary hypertension but is not the most common cause of primary hypertension. Primary hypertension, also known as essential hypertension, is the most common form, and its exact cause remains unknown in many cases.

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Which fluid replacement therapy would the nurse prepare to administer for a patient who is exhibiting clinical manifestations of hypovolemic shock?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient's arterial blood gas (ABG) results include a pH of 7.32, a PaCO2 of 56 mm Hg, and an HCO3 of 24 mEq/L. Which acid-base imbalance would the nurse use when developing the patient's plan of care?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A patient is diagnosed with primary hypertension and asks the nurse what caused the condition.Which response would the nurse give?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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