The nurse is teaching a client about lifestyle modifications after a heart failure diagnosis. What will be included in the teaching?

Weigh yourself once a week.

Drink 3 liters of fluid per day.

Engage in exercise daily.

Restrict dietary potassium.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Weigh yourself once a week:

This is an important part of heart failure management as weight gain can indicate fluid retention, a common symptom of heart failure. The nurse should instruct the client to weigh themselves at the same time of day, using the same scale, and wearing similar clothing each time. Any sudden weight gain should be reported to the healthcare provider promptly.

B. Drink 3 liters of fluid per day:

This option is not appropriate for most heart failure patients, especially those with fluid retention issues. Fluid intake should be monitored and restricted based on the individual's condition and healthcare provider's recommendations. Consuming too much fluid can exacerbate fluid retention and worsen heart failure symptoms.

C. Engage in exercise daily:

Exercise is generally recommended for heart failure patients, but the type, intensity, and frequency of exercise should be tailored to the individual's condition. The nurse should encourage the client to engage in regular physical activity as tolerated, following a structured exercise plan approved by their healthcare provider. Activities like walking, cycling, or water aerobics can be beneficial for heart health.

D. Restrict dietary potassium:

This option is not typically included in lifestyle modifications for heart failure unless the client has specific potassium-related issues or is taking medications that require potassium restriction. Potassium is an important electrolyte for heart function, and most heart failure patients are advised to consume a balanced diet with moderate potassium intake, unless otherwise directed by their healthcare provider.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","F"]

Explanation

A. History of smoking:

Smoking is a well-established risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Cigarette smoke contains harmful chemicals that damage blood vessels, promote the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, and increase the risk of blood clots, all of which can lead to CAD, heart attacks, and strokes.

B. Body mass index (BMI) of 20:

While obesity and elevated BMI are risk factors for CAD, a BMI of 20 falls within the healthy weight range for most adults. However, it's important to note that BMI alone may not fully capture an individual's overall cardiovascular risk, as factors like body composition, waist circumference, diet, and physical activity level also contribute to heart health.

C. History of diabetes:

Diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, is a significant risk factor for CAD. Elevated blood sugar levels over time can damage blood vessels (atherosclerosis), increase inflammation, and contribute to other metabolic abnormalities that raise the risk of heart disease, including heart attacks and peripheral vascular disease.

D. Family history of coronary heart disease:

Having a family history of coronary heart disease (CHD) or premature heart attacks (before age 55 in men or before age 65 in women) increases the risk of developing CAD. Genetic factors play a role in the development of heart disease, and individuals with close relatives affected by CHD have a higher likelihood of developing similar conditions.

E. Female gender:

While gender can influence cardiovascular risk factors and presentation, being female alone is not considered a specific risk factor for CAD. However, women may have different risk profiles or risk factors compared to men, such as hormonal influences (e.g., menopause) and unique symptom presentation for heart disease.

F. Age greater than 45 years for men:

Advancing age is a significant risk factor for CAD, especially for men. Men aged 45 years and older are at increased risk compared to younger age groups due to factors such as the cumulative effects of risk factors over time, hormonal changes, and age-related changes in blood vessels and heart function.

A. Notify the blood bank of the discrepancy B. Administer the blood as ordered. C. Complete an incident report. D. Contact the provider for further orders.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Notify the blood bank of the discrepancy:

This choice suggests that there is a discrepancy between the blood type of the unit on hand (type B) and the client's blood type (type AB). However, in reality, there is no discrepancy in this case because individuals with type AB blood are universal recipients and can receive blood from donors of any blood type, including type B. Therefore, there is no need to notify the blood bank of any discrepancy.

B. Administer the blood as ordered:

This choice is the correct action. Type AB individuals are known as universal recipients because they can safely receive blood from donors of any blood type (A, B, AB, or O) without causing a major transfusion reaction. Since the client has type AB blood and the unit of blood on hand is type B, the nurse can administer the blood as ordered without concerns about blood type compatibility.

C. Complete an incident report:

Completing an incident report is typically done when an unexpected event or error occurs during patient care. In this scenario, there is no error or unexpected event related to blood type compatibility, so there is no need to complete an incident report.

D. Contact the provider for further orders:

Contacting the provider for further orders would be necessary if there were a specific reason or concern related to the blood transfusion that requires clarification or additional instructions. However, in this case, there are no issues with blood type compatibility, so contacting the provider is not necessary.

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The nurse is teaching a client about lifestyle modifications after a heart failure diagnosis. What will be included in the teaching?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching about risk factors that increase the probability of coronary artery disease to a community group. Which risk factors will the nurse Include in the discussion? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","F"]

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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