A nurse is preparing to administer metoprolol 5 mg IV bolus to a client for heart rate control. Available is metoprolol injection 1 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administerperdose?

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is ["5"]

To calculate how many milliliters (mL) of metoprolol 1 mg/mL solution should be administered to deliver a 5 mg IV bolus dose, you can use the following formula:

Dose (mL) = Desired dose (mg) / Concentration (mg/mL)

In this case:

Desired dose = 5 mg

Concentration = 1 mg/mL

Dose (mL) = 5 mg / 1 mg/mL = 5 mL

Therefore, the nurse should administer 5 mL of metoprolol 1 mg/mL solution per dose to deliver a 5 mg IV bolus for heart rate control.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "Dehydration Is the primary reason for the pain that is experienced during a sickle cell crisis; try to increase your son's fluid intake."

This response is not the best choice because while dehydration can indeed exacerbate sickle cell crises and lead to complications, it is not the primary reason for the pain experienced during a sickle cell crisis. The severe pain during a crisis is primarily due to vaso-occlusion, where sickled red blood cells block blood flow in the small blood vessels, leading to tissue ischemia and pain. While adequate hydration is important in managing sickle cell disease, it alone does not address the underlying cause of the pain during a crisis.

B. "We really don't know what causes the pain that is experienced during a sickle cell crisis."

This response is not accurate and not the best choice because the medical community does understand the underlying cause of pain during a sickle cell crisis. It is primarily due to vaso-occlusion, as mentioned earlier, where sickled red blood cells block blood flow in the blood vessels.

C. "Sickled cells get clogged in the blood vessels, preventing blood from getting to the tissues, which causes the severe pain of a crisis."

This response is the best choice because it provides an accurate and clear explanation of why individuals with sickle cell anemia experience severe pain during a sickle cell crisis. It addresses the underlying mechanism of vaso-occlusion, where sickled red blood cells block blood flow in the small blood vessels, leading to tissue ischemia and severe pain.

D. "You will need to discuss this with your doctor. I cannot explain why this pain occurs to your

son."

This response is not the best choice because the nurse should be able to provide basic information about the disease and its symptoms to the mother. It's important for healthcare professionals to educate patients and their families about their condition to improve understanding and facilitate better management and coping strategies.

A. Ascending edema B. The client has no desire to eat. C. The client sleeps on three pillows at night. D. The client has a five pound weight gain.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Ascending edema:

Ascending edema, also known as dependent edema, is typically associated with right-sided heart failure rather than left-sided heart failure. In right-sided heart failure, the heart's ability to pump blood to the lungs for oxygenation is compromised, leading to fluid backup in the systemic circulation. This fluid accumulates in the dependent areas of the body, such as the lower extremities (legs and ankles), causing swelling that can ascend upwards if left untreated. However, ascending edema is not a characteristic finding in left-sided heart failure, where pulmonary congestion and orthopnea are more common manifestations.

B. The client has no desire to eat:

While decreased appetite can occur in heart failure due to various factors such as fluid retention, abdominal bloating, or medication side effects, it is not a specific hallmark of left-sided heart failure. Symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea (shortness of breath), orthopnea (difficulty breathing while lying flat), and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) are more commonly associated with left-sided heart failure. These symptoms result from the impaired function of the left ventricle, leading to pulmonary congestion and inadequate oxygenation.

C. The client sleeps on three pillows at night:

This choice is the correct answer. Sleeping on three pillows at night is a classic manifestation of orthopnea, a condition commonly seen in left-sided heart failure. Orthopnea refers to difficulty breathing while lying flat, which is alleviated by elevating the head and upper body with multiple pillows or sleeping in a semi-upright position. Orthopnea occurs due to the redistribution of fluid from the legs and lower body to the lungs when lying down, resulting in pulmonary congestion and respiratory distress.

D. The client has a five-pound weight gain:

Weight gain is a common symptom of fluid retention in heart failure; however, a specific weight gain of five pounds alone may not be indicative of left-sided heart failure without considering other clinical signs and symptoms. In heart failure, weight gain is often associated with fluid overload, which can lead to edema, dyspnea, orthopnea, and other signs of congestion. It's important to assess the client comprehensively for fluid status, including evaluating for edema, respiratory symptoms, and changes in weight over time, to determine the underlying cause of weight gain.

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A nurse is preparing to administer metoprolol 5 mg IV bolus to a client for heart rate control. Available is metoprolol injection 1 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administerperdose?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The mother of a teenage boy with sickle cell anemia asks the nurse why her son has such horrible pain during a sickle cell crisis. Which of the following is the best response by the nurse?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is assessing a client with left-sided heart failure. What would the nurse expect to find?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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