A client is being treated in the ICU after a medical error resulted in an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction. What was the etiology of this client's adverse reaction?
The blood was infused too quickly and overwhelmed the client's circulatory system.
The donor blood was incompatible with that of the client.
The client had a sensitivity reaction to a plasma protein in the blood.
Antibodies to donor leukocytes remained in the blood.
The Correct Answer is B
A. The blood was infused too quickly and overwhelmed the client's circulatory system:
While infusing blood too quickly can lead to circulatory overload and related complications like heart failure or pulmonary edema, it is not the cause of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction. Acute hemolytic reactions occur due to immune responses against incompatible donor blood.
B. The donor blood was incompatible with that of the client:
This is the correct answer. An acute hemolytic transfusion reaction happens when there is an incompatibility between the donor's blood and the recipient's blood. This can occur due to mismatched ABO blood types or Rh factor, leading to the recipient's immune system attacking and destroying the transfused red blood cells.
C. The client had a sensitivity reaction to a plasma protein in the blood:
Sensitivity reactions to plasma proteins can occur, but they typically result in different types of transfusion reactions, such as allergic reactions or febrile non-hemolytic reactions. These reactions are caused by antibodies to specific plasma proteins and are not the cause of acute hemolytic transfusion reactions.
D. Antibodies to donor leukocytes remained in the blood:
This option refers to febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions, which occur due to antibodies against donor leukocytes. However, this type of reaction is distinct from acute hemolytic reactions, which are primarily caused by ABO or Rh incompatibility.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["1"]
Explanation
If the nurse needs to administer vancomycin 500 mg PO daily divided into four equal doses, and the available capsules are vancomycin 125 mg each, the nurse would administer:
500 mg total daily dose ÷ 4 doses = 125 mg per dose
Since each capsule contains 125 mg of vancomycin, the nurse would administer 1 capsule with each dose.
Correct Answer is ["1712.32"]
Explanation
To calculate the client's total intake for the 8-hour shift, we need to convert all the volumes to milliliters (mL) and then add them together. Here are the given volumes and their conversions:
1,000 mL 0.9% sodium chloride IV (no conversion needed)
One 6-oz cup of coffee:
6 oz * 29.5735 (conversion factor for oz to mL) = approximately 177.44 mL
6 oz of water:
6 oz * 29.5735 = approximately 177.44 mL
One 180-mL bowl of soup (no conversion needed)
3 oz of flavored gelatin:
3 oz * 29.5735 = approximately 88.72 mL
3 oz of ice cream:
3 oz * 29.5735 = approximately 88.72 mL
Now, let's add up all the volumes:
1,000 mL (IV fluid) + 177.44 mL (coffee) + 177.44 mL (water) + 180 mL (soup) + 88.72 mL (gelatin) + 88.72 mL (ice cream) = 1,712.32 mL
Therefore, the nurse should document the client's total intake for the shift as approximately 1,712.32 mL.
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