A client is being treated in the ICU after a medical error resulted in an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction. What was the etiology of this client's adverse reaction?

The blood was infused too quickly and overwhelmed the client's circulatory system.

The donor blood was incompatible with that of the client.

The client had a sensitivity reaction to a plasma protein in the blood.

Antibodies to donor leukocytes remained in the blood.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. The blood was infused too quickly and overwhelmed the client's circulatory system:

While infusing blood too quickly can lead to circulatory overload and related complications like heart failure or pulmonary edema, it is not the cause of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction. Acute hemolytic reactions occur due to immune responses against incompatible donor blood.

B. The donor blood was incompatible with that of the client:

This is the correct answer. An acute hemolytic transfusion reaction happens when there is an incompatibility between the donor's blood and the recipient's blood. This can occur due to mismatched ABO blood types or Rh factor, leading to the recipient's immune system attacking and destroying the transfused red blood cells.

C. The client had a sensitivity reaction to a plasma protein in the blood:

Sensitivity reactions to plasma proteins can occur, but they typically result in different types of transfusion reactions, such as allergic reactions or febrile non-hemolytic reactions. These reactions are caused by antibodies to specific plasma proteins and are not the cause of acute hemolytic transfusion reactions.

D. Antibodies to donor leukocytes remained in the blood:

This option refers to febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions, which occur due to antibodies against donor leukocytes. However, this type of reaction is distinct from acute hemolytic reactions, which are primarily caused by ABO or Rh incompatibility.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Whether the client and involved family members understand dietary changes and the role of nutrition:

This assessment is important as diet plays a crucial role in managing coronary artery disease (CAD) and preventing further complications. Understanding dietary changes, such as reducing saturated fats, sodium intake, and incorporating heart-healthy foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, is essential. Nutrition education can help clients and their families make informed choices that promote heart health and improve overall well-being. However, while understanding dietary changes is significant, it may not be the most critical determination during the initial intake assessment, especially when compared to immediate concerns like recognizing acute cardiac symptoms.

B. Whether the client and involved family members understand the role of genetics in the etiology of the disease:

Understanding the genetic factors contributing to coronary artery disease can provide valuable insights into the client's risk factors and potential hereditary predispositions. This knowledge can help guide screening, prevention, and management strategies tailored to the client's specific genetic profile. While genetic factors are important considerations in CAD, they typically require a more detailed evaluation and may not be the primary focus during the initial intake assessment, especially compared to immediate concerns related to symptom recognition and response.

C. Whether the client and involved family members are able to recognize symptoms of an acute cardiac problem and respond appropriately:

This is a crucial assessment because recognizing symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, sweating, and arm or jaw pain is essential in identifying a potential heart attack or unstable angina. Knowing when to seek emergency medical assistance and how to respond appropriately can significantly impact outcomes and reduce the risk of complications. Immediate response to acute cardiac symptoms is a critical aspect of CAD management, making it a top priority during the intake assessment.

D. Whether the client and involved family members understand the importance of social support and community agencies:

Social support and community resources play a valuable role in CAD management, providing emotional support, access to education programs, rehabilitation services, and other supportive resources. Understanding the importance of social support and knowing how to access community agencies can enhance the client's overall well-being and facilitate long-term management.

A. Relieve client symptoms B. Extend survival C. Improve functional status D. Prevent endocarditis E. Limit physical activity

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

A. Relieve client symptoms - Heart failure can cause symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling (edema), and difficulty exercising. Relieving these symptoms is an important goal to improve the client's quality of life and overall well-being.

B. Extend survival - Heart failure is a chronic condition that can significantly impact life expectancy. One of the goals of care is to optimize management to extend the client's survival and reduce the risk of complications.

C. Improve functional status - Heart failure can limit a person's ability to perform daily activities and exercise. Improving functional status involves strategies such as medication management, lifestyle modifications, and cardiac rehabilitation to enhance the client's ability to engage in daily activities and maintain independence.

D. Prevent endocarditis - Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and heart valves. While preventing infections is important for overall health, preventing endocarditis may not be directly related to the primary goals of heart failure management. However, maintaining good hygiene and avoiding infections can contribute to the overall well-being of the client.

E. Limit physical activity - This statement is incorrect in the context of heart failure management. Encouraging appropriate levels of physical activity is often part of heart failure care. Physical activity, when tailored to the individual's abilities and guided by healthcare professionals, can improve cardiovascular function, strengthen muscles, and enhance overall health outcomes in clients with heart failure.

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A client is being treated in the ICU after a medical error resulted in an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction. What was the etiology of this client's adverse reaction?

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Explanation

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