A nurse is educating on the foods a client newly diagnosed with coronary heart disease should eat. How can the nurse best ensure the client will follow the dietary plan of care?

Work together to see how they can incorporate healthier choices into the foods enjoyed.

Tell the client if they do not change their diet, they are going to have a myocardial infarction.

Give the client a list of foods to choose from.

It is okay to cheat because of the medications.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Work together to see how they can incorporate healthier choices into the foods enjoyed:

This approach emphasizes collaboration between the nurse and the client, focusing on finding ways to incorporate healthier food choices into the client's diet while considering their food preferences and cultural background. By working together, the nurse can help the client identify suitable substitutions, portion control strategies, and meal planning techniques that align with the dietary recommendations for coronary heart disease. This approach promotes active participation, empowers the client to make informed decisions, and increases the likelihood of long-term adherence to the dietary plan.

B. Tell the client if they do not change their diet, they are going to have a myocardial infarction:

This approach uses fear tactics or negative consequences to motivate behavior change, which is generally not recommended in healthcare settings. Fear-based strategies may lead to increased anxiety, stress, or resistance in the client, ultimately hindering motivation and adherence to the dietary plan. Positive reinforcement, education, and collaborative goal-setting are more effective in promoting behavior change and improving adherence to lifestyle modifications.

C. Give the client a list of foods to choose from:

Providing a list of foods can be a helpful tool in guiding food choices and promoting a balanced diet. However, this approach may not address the client's individual preferences, cultural considerations, or practical challenges in implementing dietary changes. Without personalized guidance and support, the client may struggle to navigate food options effectively and may experience difficulties in adhering to the dietary recommendations.

D. It is okay to cheat because of the medications:

Encouraging cheating or deviating from the dietary plan due to medications undermines the importance of dietary modifications in managing coronary heart disease. It is essential to emphasize the significance of following a heart-healthy diet and lifestyle, as medications alone may not be sufficient to manage the condition effectively. Providing education on medication adherence and dietary guidelines, along with ongoing support, helps reinforce the importance of consistent dietary habits in promoting cardiovascular health.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Folic acid deficiency anemia:

Folic acid deficiency anemia is characterized by a lack of folate (vitamin B9), which is essential for red blood cell production. Symptoms can include weakness and fatigue, similar to iron-deficiency anemia. However, folic acid deficiency anemia typically does not cause heavy menstrual periods. Laboratory findings may show a low level of folate in the blood, but the hemoglobin level of 8 g/dL and hematocrit level of 28 g/dL alone do not specifically indicate folic acid deficiency anemia without considering other factors like mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and red blood cell indices.

B. Pernicious anemia:

Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of intrinsic factor, a substance needed for the absorption of vitamin B12. It can lead to symptoms such as weakness and fatigue. However, heavy menstrual periods are not a characteristic feature of pernicious anemia. Laboratory findings may show a low hemoglobin and hematocrit level, but again, other factors such as MCV and vitamin B12 levels would be needed to confirm this type of anemia.

C. Iron-deficiency anemia:

Iron-deficiency anemia occurs due to insufficient iron stores in the body, leading to decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. This type of anemia is commonly associated with symptoms like weakness, fatigue, and heavy menstrual periods in women due to blood loss. The client's hemoglobin level of 8 g/dL and hematocrit level of 28 g/dL are consistent with iron-deficiency anemia, making this the most likely choice based on the information provided.

D. Sickle cell anemia:

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin that causes red blood cells to become sickle-shaped and less flexible. It typically presents with symptoms such as anemia, pain crises, and organ damage. However, the client's symptoms of weakness, fatigue, and heavy menstrual periods are not specific to sickle cell anemia. Additionally, sickle cell anemia would have different laboratory findings, including a different pattern on peripheral blood smear and hemoglobin electrophoresis.

A. Furosemide 10mg IV bolus every 12 hours. B. Morphine sulfate 2 mg IV bolus every 2 hr PRN pain C. Laboratory testing of serum potassium upon admission D. 0.9% normal saline IV at 150 mL/hr continuous

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Furosemide 10mg IV bolus every 12 hours:

Furosemide is a loop diuretic commonly used in heart failure management to reduce fluid overload. The prescribed dose of 10 mg IV bolus every 12 hours is within the typical range for furosemide administration in acute heart failure.

B. Morphine sulfate 2 mg IV bolus every 2 hr PRN pain:

Morphine sulfate is often used in the management of acute pain, including pain associated with myocardial infarction. The prescribed dose of 2 mg IV bolus every 2 hours PRN for pain is appropriate and aligns with standard pain management protocols.

C. Laboratory testing of serum potassium upon admission:

It is common practice to perform laboratory testing, including serum potassium levels, upon admission for clients with acute heart failure, especially if they are receiving diuretics or other medications that can affect electrolyte balance. This prescription is appropriate and necessary for monitoring the client's condition.

D. 0.9% normal saline IV at 150 mL/hr continuous:

This prescription raises a concern because administering 0.9% normal saline at a rate of 150 mL/hr continuously may lead to fluid overload in a client with acute heart failure. The rate of IV fluid administration should be carefully assessed based on the client's fluid status, renal function, and hemodynamic parameters to avoid exacerbating heart failure symptoms.

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A nurse is educating on the foods a client newly diagnosed with coronary heart disease should eat. How can the nurse best ensure the client will follow the dietary plan of care?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a young female adult client who reports weakness, fatigue, and heavy menstrual periods. The client has a hemoglobin level of 8 g/dL and a hematocrit level of 28 g/dL. The nurse suspects which of the following types of anemia?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is admitting a client who has acute heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). The nurse recognizes that which of the following prescriptions by the provider requires clarification?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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