The nurse is providing counseling to a woman who is HIV positive and has just discovered that she is pregnant.
Which anti-HIV drug is given to HIV-infected pregnant women to prevent transmission of the virus to the infant?

Choice A rationale:

Amphotericin B is a potent antifungal medication used to treat severe fungal infections. However, it is typically reserved for life-threatening systemic fungal infections due to its potential for serious side effects, including kidney damage and infusion reactions. It is not commonly used as a first-line treatment for vaginal yeast infections.

Choice B rationale:

While antifungal creams can be effective for treating vaginal yeast infections, they typically require a treatment course of several days. This option may not be the best choice for a patient seeking a quicker, one-time treatment.

Choice C rationale:

A single dose of a fluconazole oral tablet is often an effective treatment for vaginal yeast infections. Fluconazole works by inhibiting the growth of the yeast causing the infection. It is convenient for patients because it only requires one dose, unlike creams or suppositories that need to be applied for several days.

Choice D rationale:

There are indeed alternatives to antifungal suppositories for treating vaginal yeast infections. As mentioned above, a single dose of fluconazole is one such alternative. Therefore, stating that there is no better alternative to the suppositories is not accurate.

Choice A rationale:

Insulin is not absorbed most rapidly when injected in the thigh. The abdomen is actually the preferred site for insulin injection as insulin is absorbed more quickly and predictably there. The thigh is a simple area for self-injection, but regular injections in the thigh can sometimes cause discomfort when walking or running afterward.

Choice B rationale:

Using cold insulin for injection to minimize site pain is not recommended. Insulin should be at room temperature. Cold insulin might make the injection more painful.

Choice C rationale:

Massaging the site after injection to promote absorption is not advised. It can cause the insulin to be absorbed too quickly which can lead to low blood glucose levels.

Choice D rationale:

Rotating the injection site to keep insulin levels consistent is the correct choice. People who take insulin daily should rotate their injection sites. This is important because using the same spot over time can cause lipodystrophy. In this condition, fat either breaks down or builds up under the skin, causing lumps or indentations that interfere with insulin absorption.