A patient has a urinary tract infection.
The nurse knows that which class of drugs is especially useful for such infections?

Macrolides

Sulfonamides

Carbapenems

Tetracyclines

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale:

Macrolides Macrolides, such as erythromycin and azithromycin, are a class of antibiotics that are typically used to treat infections caused by gram-positive bacteria and some respiratory tract infections. They are not the first line of treatment for urinary tract infections.

Choice B rationale:

Sulfonamides Sulfonamides, such as sulfamethoxazole, are often used to treat urinary tract infections. They work by stopping the growth of bacteria. Sulfonamides are often combined with other antibiotics like trimethoprim to increase their effectiveness. This combination is commonly known as co-trimoxazole.

Choice C rationale:

Carbapenems Carbapenems are a class of antibiotics that are usually reserved for serious infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. While they can be used to treat a variety of infections, they are not typically the first choice for urinary tract infections.

Choice D rationale:

Tetracyclines Tetracyclines are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics that are effective against a wide range of bacteria. However, they are not typically used for urinary tract infections. They are more commonly used for infections such as acne, chlamydia, and Lyme disease.

Please consult with a healthcare professional for accurate information.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Erythromycin Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that is often used as an alternative to penicillin. It is generally safe for use in patients with a penicillin allergy. It works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and is effective against a wide range of bacteria.

Choice B rationale:

Amphotericin B Amphotericin B is an antifungal medication, not an antibiotic. It is used to treat serious, systemic fungal infections. It has no cross-reactivity with penicillin, so it would not be a concern for a patient with a penicillin allergy.

Choice C rationale:

Amoxicillin-clavulanate Amoxicillin-clavulanate is a type of penicillin antibiotic. Patients with a known penicillin allergy should avoid this medication, as they may have a cross-reactivity to it. This is why the nurse should verify this prescription with the provider.

Choice D rationale:

Gentamicin Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat serious bacterial infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. It is not related to penicillin and would be safe for a patient with a penicillin allergy.

A. “We’ll get you a prescription. B. As long as you start treatment within the next 24 hours, the drug should be effective.” C. “We will need to do a blood test to verify that you actually have the flu.” D. “Drug therapy should be started within 2 days of symptom onset, not 4 days.”

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

This choice is incorrect. While it’s true that antiviral drugs can be effective in treating the flu, they’re most effective when started within 48 hours of symptom onset. Starting treatment after 4 days may not provide the same benefits.

Choice B rationale:

This choice is incorrect. While a blood test can confirm the presence of the flu virus, it’s not typically necessary to diagnose the flu. Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms and the fact that the flu is widespread in the community.

Choice C rationale:

This choice is correct. Antiviral drugs are most effective when started within 2 days of symptom onset. After this time, the benefits of these drugs decrease. Therefore, starting treatment 4 days after symptoms begin may not significantly reduce the duration or severity of symptoms.

Choice D rationale:

This choice is incorrect. While it’s true that getting a flu vaccine is important, it’s not the best response in this situation. The flu vaccine won’t treat current illness. It’s designed to prevent future infections. In this case, the individual is already sick, so a booster vaccination wouldn’t be the most effective course of action.

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A patient has a urinary tract infection. The nurse knows that which class of drugs is especially useful for such infections?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a child who has a penicillin allergy. Which of the following prescriptions should the nurse verify with the provider?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A young adult calls the clinic to ask for a prescription for a new flu drug. He says he has had the flu for almost 4 days and just heard about a drug that can reduce the symptoms. What is the nurse’s best response to his request?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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The nurse is reviewing the medication orders for a patient who will be receiving aminoglycoside therapy. Which other medication or medication class, if ordered, would be a potential interaction concern?

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A patient has a urinary tract infection.
The nurse knows that which class of drugs is especially useful for such infections?