The nurse is preparing discharge instructions for a patient with a history of diabetes who has just been diagnosed with seizure disorder. The patient has been prescribed hydantoin therapy. What will the patient most likely experience?

Hyperglycemia

Hunger

Hypoglycemia

Pupil dilation

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Hyperglycemia:

Hyperglycemia refers to high blood sugar levels. While certain medications can affect glucose metabolism and potentially lead to hyperglycemia as a side effect, this is not typically associated with hydantoin therapy for seizure disorder. Therefore, it is less likely for the patient to experience hyperglycemia as a direct result of taking hydantoin medication.

B. Hunger:

Hunger is not a common side effect of hydantoin therapy for seizure disorder. While some medications may affect appetite or cause changes in eating habits, hunger is not a typical side effect of hydantoin medications such as phenytoin.

C. Hypoglycemia:

Hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar levels, which can lead to symptoms such as confusion, dizziness, sweating, and weakness. Hydantoin medications, particularly phenytoin, can affect glucose metabolism and increase the risk of hypoglycemia, especially in patients who already have diabetes or are prone to low blood sugar. Therefore, it is important for patients taking hydantoin therapy to monitor their blood sugar levels regularly and be aware of the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.

D. Pupil dilation:

Pupil dilation, or mydriasis, is not a common side effect of hydantoin therapy for seizure disorder. While certain medications may affect pupil size, this is not typically associated with hydantoin medications such as phenytoin.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A.Computerized tomography angiography (CTA)

This is a likely diagnostic test that the provider may prescribe. CTA uses computed tomography (CT) imaging to visualize the blood vessels in the brain and neck. It can help identify areas of stenosis, occlusion, or other abnormalities in the blood vessels that may contribute to the TIA symptoms.

B. Complete blood count (CBC)

A complete blood count (CBC) is a routine laboratory test that assesses various components of blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. While it may not be specific to diagnosing a transient ischemic attack (TIA), it can help evaluate for underlying conditions such as anemia or thrombocytosis that could contribute to TIA symptoms or increase the risk of stroke.

C. Prothrombin time (PT)

Prothrombin time (PT) is a laboratory test that evaluates the clotting ability of blood and is typically used to monitor anticoagulant therapy. While abnormal coagulation parameters may be associated with certain conditions that predispose to TIA (such as atrial fibrillation), PT alone is not a specific diagnostic test for TIA.

D. Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)

This is another possible diagnostic test that the provider may prescribe. TEE is a specialized echocardiogram that provides detailed images of the heart structures by inserting an ultrasound probe

A. Polyuria B. Battle's sign C. Nuchal rigidity D. Lethargy

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Polyuria:

Polyuria, or increased urine output, is not typically associated with increased intracranial pressure. It may occur due to other factors such as diabetes insipidus or fluid administration.

B. Battle's sign:

Battle's sign refers to bruising behind the ear and is often associated with basilar skull fractures. While it can indicate a head injury, it is not a direct manifestation of increased intracranial pressure.

C. Nuchal rigidity:

Nuchal rigidity, stiffness of the neck muscles, is commonly associated with meningitis rather than increased intracranial pressure. It is a sign of meningeal irritation and inflammation rather than direct pressure within the skull.

D. Lethargy:

This is the correct answer. Lethargy, or excessive drowsiness or fatigue, can be an early manifestation of increased intracranial pressure. As pressure increases within the skull, it can lead to alterations in consciousness ranging from lethargy to coma. Monitoring the client for changes in level of consciousness, including lethargy, is important for early detection of increased intracranial pressure.

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The nurse is preparing discharge instructions for a patient with a history of diabetes who has just been diagnosed with seizure disorder. The patient has been prescribed hydantoin therapy. What will the patient most likely experience?

Nursing Test Bank

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Explanation

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