Parkinson's disease has which characteristic symptom(s)? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Muscle tremors
Slow body movement (bradykinesia)
Rigidity
Pill rolling
Lack of facial expression
Drooling
Correct Answer : A,B,C,D,E,F
A. Muscle tremors:
Muscle tremors, particularly resting tremors, are a hallmark feature of Parkinson's disease. These tremors typically occur in the hands, fingers, arms, legs, jaw, or head and may worsen with stress or inactivity.
B. Slow body movement (bradykinesia):
Bradykinesia refers to slowness of movement and is another key symptom of Parkinson's disease. Patients may have difficulty initiating movement, experience a decrease in spontaneous movement (hypokinesia), and demonstrate reduced range of motion.
C. Rigidity:
Rigidity, or stiffness of the muscles, is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease. It often affects the limbs and trunk and can contribute to difficulty with movement and posture.
D. Pill rolling:
Pill rolling refers to a specific type of tremor characterized by rhythmic, rolling movements of the thumb and fingers, resembling the action of rolling a pill between the fingers and thumb. This tremor is commonly seen in Parkinson's disease.
E. Lack of facial expression:
Parkinson's disease can lead to a reduced range of facial expressions, also known as hypomimia or "masked facies." Patients may have a fixed, expressionless facial appearance and reduced blinking.
F. Drooling:
Drooling, or excessive salivation, can occur in Parkinson's disease due to impaired swallowing function (dysphagia) and reduced control over oral and facial muscles.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "I will notify my provider before taking any other medications."
This statement demonstrates understanding of the importance of consulting the provider before taking any other medications. It is correct because phenytoin may interact with other drugs, so notifying the provider is essential to avoid potential interactions.
B. "I have made an appointment to see my dentist next week."
This statement indicates that the client understands the importance of dental care while taking phenytoin. Phenytoin can cause gum overgrowth (gingival hyperplasia), so regular dental check-ups are recommended to monitor oral health. This statement is correct.
C. "I will take this medication with meals."
This statement suggests that the client plans to take phenytoin with meals. However, phenytoin should generally be taken on an empty stomach to enhance absorption, unless gastrointestinal upset occurs. Therefore, this statement indicates a need for further teaching.
D. "I'll be glad when my seizures stop so I can quit taking this medicine."
This statement reflects a misconception about the management of epilepsy. Phenytoin is typically used as a long-term treatment to prevent seizures, not as a short-term solution to stop seizures. Therefore, this statement indicates a need for further education about the chronic nature of epilepsy and the need for ongoing medication adherence.
E. “I’ll take this medication before meals.”
This statement correctly indicates the timing of phenytoin administration before meals. Taking phenytoin before meals helps enhance absorption and minimize the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. Therefore, this statement is correct.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. 4 hours:
This option indicates that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) must be administered within 4 hours of the onset of stroke symptoms to be considered as a drug therapy option. tPA is a thrombolytic medication used to dissolve blood clots in ischemic stroke, and its effectiveness is highest when administered promptly after the onset of symptoms.
B. 1 hour:
Administering tPA within 1 hour of stroke onset would be extremely challenging and impractical. It typically takes time for patients to recognize stroke symptoms, seek medical attention, and undergo diagnostic evaluations before tPA administration. While time is of the essence in stroke treatment, 1 hour is too short of a timeframe for most patients to receive tPA.
C. 24 hours:
Administering tPA beyond 4.5 hours of stroke onset is generally contraindicated due to the increased risk of complications, including hemorrhagic transformation of the stroke. While there may be some extended time windows considered for certain patients under specific circumstances, such as those meeting eligibility criteria for extended thrombolytic therapy, 24 hours is outside the standard timeframe for tPA administration.
D. 8 hours:
While tPA administration within 8 hours of stroke onset may be feasible for some patients, it is beyond the standard recommended time window for optimal effectiveness. As mentioned earlier, tPA is most effective when administered within the first 3 to 4.5 hours after the onset of symptoms, with earlier administration associated with better outcomes.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today