The nurse is performing a health history on a 6-year-old boy who is having trouble adjusting to school. Which question would be most likely to elicit valuable information?

A. Transduction - Transduction refers to the process of reasoning from one specific instance to another without necessarily understanding the broader concept. The girl's statement about the sky and her throat does not demonstrate this mental process.

B. Centration - Centration involves focusing on only one aspect of a situation while ignoring others. The girl's statement may involve a degree of focus, but it's more indicative of a broader imaginative process.

C. Magical thinking - Magical thinking involves attributing human emotions or characteristics to inanimate objects or natural phenomena. The girl's belief that the sky is crying because it's sad about her throat hurting reflects this type of thinking.

D. Animism - Animism is a belief system that attributes life or consciousness to natural objects or phenomena. While the girl's statement involves anthropomorphizing the sky, it specifically

involves emotions rather than attributing life itself to the sky. Therefore, magical thinking is a more accurate description.

Correct Answer:C, A, D, B.

C. Inspection:The initial step in an abdominal assessment is to inspect the abdomen visually. This allows the nurse to observe for any abnormalities in skin color, shape, and

movement without causing discomfort or altering findings that could be affected by palpation or auscultation.

A. Auscultation:Following inspection, auscultation is performed before any palpation. This is because palpation can stimulate bowel sounds, which may alter the nurse's ability to accurately assess the bowel activity and vascular sounds.

D. Superficial palpation:After auscultation, superficial palpation is done to detect tenderness, distension, or superficial masses. It is gentle and less likely to cause discomfort or alter deeper structures.

B. Deep palpation: The final step is deep palpation, which is used to examine the organs and structures that are deeper within the abdominal cavity. It is performed last to prevent any potential discomfort or alteration in the patient's condition that could interfere with the earlier steps of the assessment.