The school nurse is performing health assessments on students in middle school. Of what developmental milestone should the nurse be aware?

A. Height in girls increases rapidly after menarche and usually ceases immediately after

menarchE. Height increases during adolescence are not directly related to menarche. Growth in girls typically continues for several years after menarche, although at a slower rate compared to the pre-pubertal growth spurt.

B. Boys' growth spurts usually begin between the ages of 8 and 14 years and end between the ages of 13½ and 17½ years: While boys do experience a growth spurt during adolescence, the timing and duration of growth spurts can vary widely among individuals. Growth typically

continues beyond the age of 14, with some boys reaching their full adult height in their late teens or early twenties.

C. Peak height velocity (PHV) occurs at approximately 12 years of age in girls or about 6 to 12 months after menarchE. Peak height velocity refers to the period of most rapid growth during adolescence. In girls, PHV typically occurs around the age of 12, with growth continuing for some time after menarche.

D. Boys reach PHV and peak weight velocity (PWV) at about 16 years of agE. Boys generally experience PHV and PWV later than girls, typically occurring around the age of 14 to 16. These milestones mark the period of most rapid growth in boys, with height and weight increasing significantly during this time.

A. A Jewish male. While certain genetic factors may predispose individuals to hypertension, ethnicity or religious affiliation alone is not a direct risk factor for hypertension. Screening for hypertension should be based on individual risk factors and not solely on ethnicity or religion.

B. A white male. While hypertension can affect individuals of any race or ethnicity, it is less prevalent among white populations compared to African-American populations. However, hypertension can still occur in white males, especially if they have other risk factors such as obesity, family history, or unhealthy lifestyle habits.

C. An African-American male. African-American individuals, particularly males, have a higher prevalence of hypertension compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Genetic predisposition, as well as socio-economic factors and healthcare disparities, contribute to this increased risk.

Therefore, it is important to screen African-American males for hypertension, starting from adolescence, to ensure early detection and management.

D. An Asian female. While hypertension can affect individuals of Asian descent, the prevalence is generally lower compared to other racial and ethnic groups such as African-Americans. However, certain subgroups within the Asian population, such as South Asians, may have higher rates of hypertension due to genetic and lifestyle factors. Screening for hypertension should be based on individual risk factors rather than broad racial or ethnic categories.