A nurse is providing health promotion teaching to the parents of an infant. Which of the following conditions should the nurse identify as the leading cause of death among this age group?

Congenital anomalies

Respiratory distress

Sudden infant death syndrome

Low birth weight

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Rationale:

A) Congenital anomalies: Congenital anomalies, also known as birth defects, are structural or functional abnormalities present at birth. They can affect any part of the body and may cause physical or developmental disabilities, as well as contribute to infant mortality. These anomalies can result from genetic factors, environmental exposures during pregnancy, or a combination of both. Preventive measures such as prenatal care, genetic counseling, and maternal health promotion play crucial roles in reducing the incidence and impact of congenital anomalies.

B) Respiratory distress: While respiratory distress can be a significant concern in newborns, especially those born prematurely or with certain medical conditions, it is not the leading cause of death among infants. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) occurs primarily in premature infants due to immature lung development and surfactant deficiency, requiring supportive care and sometimes mechanical ventilation to manage.

C) Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): SIDS is the sudden and unexplained death of an otherwise healthy infant, typically occurring during sleep. While SIDS is a devastating tragedy and a major public health concern, it is not the leading cause of death among infants. Strategies to reduce the risk of SIDS include placing infants on their backs to sleep, avoiding soft bedding and overheating, and promoting a safe sleep environment.

D) Low birth weight: Low birth weight, defined as a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams (5.5 pounds), is associated with an increased risk of neonatal complications and long-term health issues. While low birth weight infants may face various health challenges, including respiratory problems and developmental delays, low birth weight itself is not the leading cause of death among infants. Efforts to reduce low birth weight include prenatal care, nutrition support, and management of maternal risk factors such as smoking and substance abuse.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Elbow. Elbow restraints are typically used to limit movement of the elbow joint. However, they may not be suitable for an infant post-cleft lip and palate repair surgery. The primary concern after this type of surgery is to prevent the infant from touching the surgical site, which requires a more comprehensive restraint method.

B. Jacket. A jacket restraint wraps around the torso and arms, similar to a mummy restraint. However, jacket restraints may not provide as much immobilization or security for the infant's arms as a mummy restraint. Given the importance of preventing the infant from touching the surgical site, a mummy restraint may be more appropriate in this case.

C. Mummy. This is the correct choice. A mummy restraint wraps around the infant's torso and arms, providing secure immobilization to prevent the infant from touching the surgical site. It is specifically designed to restrict movement while still allowing some freedom for comfort and positioning. This type of restraint is commonly used for infant’s post-cleft lip and palate repair surgery to facilitate optimal healing and prevent disruption of sutures.

D. Wrist. Wrist restraints are typically used to restrict movement of the wrists and hands. However, they may not be suitable for an infant post-cleft lip and palate repair surgery, as the primary concern is to prevent the infant from touching the surgical site on the face. Wrist restraints would not effectively address this issue and may be unnecessarily restrictive for the infant's comfort and mobility.

A. Projectile vomiting B. Ridged abdomen C. Distended neck veins D. Red currant jelly stools

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Projectile vomiting: Pyloric stenosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing of the pylorus, the opening between the stomach and the small intestine. This narrowing leads to obstruction of the gastric outlet, causing the stomach to become distended with food. When the infant feeds, the stomach fills up, but the food cannot pass through the narrowed pylorus efficiently. As a result, the infant forcefully expels the contents of the stomach in a characteristic manner known as projectile vomiting. Projectile vomiting is forceful, often occurring shortly after feeding, and the vomited material is usually not bile-stained.

B. Ridged abdomen: While abdominal distension can occur due to the buildup of gastric contents in pyloric stenosis, the term "ridged abdomen" is not typically associated with this condition. Instead, clinicians may palpate an olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, which represents the hypertrophied pylorus. The ridged appearance may be more indicative of conditions such as peritonitis or muscular rigidity, rather than pyloric stenosis.

C. Distended neck veins: Distended neck veins are not typically associated with pyloric stenosis. This symptom is more commonly observed in conditions affecting the cardiovascular system, such as congestive heart failure. In pyloric stenosis, the primary manifestations are related to gastrointestinal obstruction, particularly projectile vomiting, rather than signs of circulatory compromise.

D. Red currant jelly stools: Red currant jelly stools are a characteristic finding in intussusception, a condition where one portion of the intestine telescopes into another, causing obstruction and compromise of the blood supply. This leads to the passage of stools containing blood and mucus, resembling red currant jelly in appearance. Pyloric stenosis primarily affects gastric emptying and does not typically result in bloody stools. Instead, the hallmark symptom is projectile vomiting due to gastric outlet obstruction.

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A nurse is providing health promotion teaching to the parents of an infant. Which of the following conditions should the nurse identify as the leading cause of death among this age group?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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