A nurse is caring for a client who has autism spectrum disorder. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Expressive affect
Ambivalence
Echolalia
Associative looseness
The Correct Answer is C
A. Expressive affect: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have difficulty expressing their emotions in a typical manner. They may display a restricted range of facial expressions or have difficulty conveying emotions through facial expressions and gestures. However, "expressive affect" typically refers to the appropriate display of emotions, which may not be characteristic of ASD.
B. Ambivalence: Ambivalence refers to conflicting feelings or attitudes about a situation or person. While individuals with ASD may experience a range of emotions, including ambivalence, it is not a specific characteristic associated with the disorder. Ambivalence is a common human experience and may occur in individuals with or without ASD.
C. Echolalia: Echolalia is a common communication characteristic observed in individuals with ASD. It involves the repetition or echoing of words or phrases spoken by others. This behavior may occur immediately after hearing the words or phrases (immediate echolalia) or may be delayed. Echolalia can serve various functions, including communication, self-regulation, or expression of anxiety.
D. Associative looseness: Associative looseness is a thought disorder characterized by a lack of logical connection between thoughts and ideas. It is typically associated with conditions such as schizophrenia rather than ASD. Individuals with ASD may exhibit difficulties with social communication, including challenges in maintaining conversations or understanding social cues, but this is different from the disorganized thinking observed in associative looseness.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Increased urinary output: Acute lead poisoning typically does not lead to increased urinary output. Instead, lead toxicity can affect renal function, potentially leading to kidney damage and decreased urinary output or even renal failure in severe cases.
B. Anorexia: Acute lead poisoning can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which can result in decreased appetite or anorexia. Lead poisoning affects multiple organ systems, including the gastrointestinal tract, leading to symptoms like abdominal pain and gastrointestinal upset. Anorexia is a common manifestation in individuals, including toddlers, with acute lead poisoning due to these gastrointestinal symptoms.
C. Jaundice: Jaundice is not a typical finding in acute lead poisoning. Jaundice typically occurs when there is an accumulation of bilirubin in the blood, which can be caused by liver dysfunction or obstruction of the bile ducts. Lead poisoning primarily affects the central nervous system, hematopoietic system, and gastrointestinal system rather than the liver.
D. Diarrhea: While gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting can occur in acute lead poisoning, diarrhea is not a characteristic symptom. Lead poisoning can cause constipation rather than diarrhea due to its effects on the gastrointestinal tract, such as slowing peristalsis.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Closed posterior fontanel
By 6 months of age, the posterior fontanel typically closes. The posterior fontanel usually closes between 2 and 4 months of age. Therefore, a closed posterior fontanel is an expected finding at 6 months.
B. Lateral incisors
The eruption of lateral incisors typically occurs between 8 and 12 months of age. At 6 months, it is not expected for the infant to have erupted lateral incisors. Therefore, this finding would not be typical during a well-child visit at this age.
C. Uses thumb and index fingers in a pincer grasp
The development of the pincer grasp, where the infant can pick up small objects using the thumb and index finger, typically occurs around 9 to 12 months of age. While some infants may start to develop this skill around 6 months, it is more commonly seen later in the first year. Therefore, it is not a definitive finding at 6 months.
D. Sitting steadily without support
By 6 months of age, most infants can sit steadily without support. This is considered a developmental milestone that typically occurs around 6 months. Therefore, sitting steadily without support is an expected finding during a well-child visit at this age.
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