A nurse is assessing the psychosocial development of a toddler. The nurse should recognize that this stage is characterized by which of the following?

Imaginary playmates

Negative behaviors characterized by the need for autonomy

Demonstrations of sexual curiosity

Erikson's stage of initiative versus guilt

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

a. Imaginary playmates are more common in the preschool years, typically around ages 3 to 5, rather than during the toddler stage.

b. Toddlers are in Erikson's stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt. During this stage, they strive for independence and autonomy, often exhibiting negative behaviors such as saying "no" frequently as they assert their independence. They are often in the stage of asserting their independence, leading to behaviors like tantrums, stubbornness, and defiance.

c. Sexual curiosity is more commonly seen in preschool and school-age children, not typically in toddlers.

d. This stage applies to preschool-aged children (approximately 3 to 6 years old), where they begin to assert power and control over their environment through directing play and other social interactions.

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Correct Answer is ["B","E"]

Explanation

A.Toddlers experience slowed growth compared to infancy, leading to a natural decrease in appetite (physiologic anorexia). Instead of increasing caloric intake, parents should be encouraged to offer nutrient-dense foods in small, frequent meals and avoid pressuring the child to eat.

B.Tantrums are common in toddlers as they begin to assert independence but struggle with emotional regulation. Parents should use strategies such as remaining calm, setting clear limits, offering choices when appropriate, and using positive reinforcement to help manage tantrums effectively.

C.Establishing trust is a key developmental task of infancy (Erikson’s trust vs. mistrust stage). In toddlerhood (autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage), the focus is on developing independence, so guidance should focus on setting boundaries, providing choices, and allowing safe exploration rather than trust-building alone.

D.Cooperative play is typically aimed at older preschoolers and not toddlers, who are still developing social skills and tend to engage in parallel play rather than cooperative play.

E.Early dental hygiene is crucial for preventing cavities and establishing good oral health habits. Parents should begin brushing their toddler's teeth with a soft toothbrush and a small amount of fluoride toothpaste and schedule the first dental visit by 12 months of age or within 6 months of the first tooth eruption.

A. Have a parent stay with the child during procedures. B. Allow the child to keep a toy from home with her. C. Cluster invasive procedures whenever possible. D. Perform the procedure as quickly as possible. E. Use mummy restraints during painful procedures

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

Allowing a parent to be present provides comfort and reassurance to the child. The familiar presence of a parent can help reduce anxiety and fear.

Allowing the child to have a familiar toy from home can provide a sense of security and distraction during procedures. It can help redirect the child's attention and provide a comforting element.

If there are multiple invasive procedures that need to be done, it is best to schedule them close together rather than spreading them out over a longer period. Clustering procedures reduces the number of times the child needs to go through the distressing experience and minimizes the overall stress and anxiety.

Minimizing the duration of the procedure helps reduce the child's discomfort and anxiety. Swift and efficient execution of the procedure can help make it less distressing for the child.

Using mummy restraints during painful procedures is not a recommended strategy.

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A nurse is assessing the psychosocial development of a toddler. The nurse should recognize that this stage is characterized by which of the following?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing health promotion teaching to the parents of a toddler. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a 3-year-old child whose parents report that she has an intense fear painful procedures, such as injections. Which of the following strategies should the nurse add to the child's plan of care? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

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