A nurse is assessing the psychosocial development of a toddler. The nurse should recognize that this stage is characterized by which of the following?

A.Toddlers experience slowed growth compared to infancy, leading to a natural decrease in appetite (physiologic anorexia). Instead of increasing caloric intake, parents should be encouraged to offer nutrient-dense foods in small, frequent meals and avoid pressuring the child to eat.

B.Tantrums are common in toddlers as they begin to assert independence but struggle with emotional regulation. Parents should use strategies such as remaining calm, setting clear limits, offering choices when appropriate, and using positive reinforcement to help manage tantrums effectively.

C.Establishing trust is a key developmental task of infancy (Erikson’s trust vs. mistrust stage). In toddlerhood (autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage), the focus is on developing independence, so guidance should focus on setting boundaries, providing choices, and allowing safe exploration rather than trust-building alone.

D.Cooperative play is typically aimed at older preschoolers and not toddlers, who are still developing social skills and tend to engage in parallel play rather than cooperative play.

E.Early dental hygiene is crucial for preventing cavities and establishing good oral health habits. Parents should begin brushing their toddler's teeth with a soft toothbrush and a small amount of fluoride toothpaste and schedule the first dental visit by 12 months of age or within 6 months of the first tooth eruption.

A. Picture book about hospitals might not be engaging enough for a 2-year-old and might not provide the comfort needed in a stressful situation.

B. Set of building blocks could be a good option for some children, but it may not provide the same level of comfort as a stuffed animal.

C.A lovey, often called a transitional object, is that much loved item that a child will attach themselves to. It could be a stuffed toy, doll, blanket or even a pacifier.Stuffed animals are often considered comfort objects for young children. They provide a sense of security and familiarity, which can be helpful in managing stress and anxiety, especially during separation from a parent.

D. Toy hammer and pounding board could be engaging but may not offer the same emotional comfort as a stuffed animal.This could be more stimulating than calming for a child experiencing separation anxiety.