The nurse is performing a cognitive assessment on a 16-year-old client. Which behaviors demonstrated will the nurse identify as middle formal operational, according to Piaget's theory? Select all that apply.
Wanting their friends to visit them in the hospital more than their parents
Being very concerned with implications of the Affordable Care Act regarding healthcare benefits
Wanting to make decisions about health care independently
Difficulty understanding the implications their diagnosis might present
Reporting that he smokes marijuana occasionally.
Correct Answer : A,B,C
A. Wanting friends to visit more than parents is more indicative of this stage, as they reflect the client's interest in social relationships.
B. Being very concerned with implications of laws or regulations demonstrates abstract thinking and consideration of complex societal issues, characteristic of middle formal operational thinking.
C. Wanting to make decisions about healthcare independently reflects increasing autonomy and ability to think abstractly.
D. Difficulty understanding implications of a diagnosis may indicate cognitive limitations rather than middle formal operational thinking.
E. Reporting occasional marijuana use may indicate behavior but does not necessarily reflect cognitive development according to Piaget's theory.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. In small-for-gestational age infants, kangaroo care may increase heat loss due to evaporation, conduction, or convection from the parent's skin or clothing. The nurse should minimize kangaroo care and use other methods of warming such as radiant warmers, incubators, or swaddling.
B. Assessing the axillary temperature regularly helps monitor the infant's temperature and response to interventions.
C. Encouraging skin-to-skin contact helps promote thermal regulation and bonding between the infant and parents. Unlike kangaroo care, skin-to-skin contact does not involve covering the infant with clothing or blankets, which can reduce heat loss by radiation or convection. The nurse should encourage skin-to-skin contact when possible and monitor the infant's temperature closely.
D. Assessing the environment for sources of heat loss is important for minimizing heat loss and promoting thermal regulation.
E. Reviewing maternal history can provide insights into potential risk factors or contributing factors to the infant's condition, such as maternal age, parity, weight, height, nutrition, smoking, alcohol, drug use, chronic diseases, infections, placental abnormalities, fetal anomalies, or complications during pregnancy or delivery.
F. Bathing the neonate with warmer water may increase the risk of overheating and should be avoided in infants at risk of thermal instability.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. While positioning is important for phototherapy, the supine position may not always be necessary.
B. Restricting fluid intake may lead to dehydration, which is not appropriate, especially during phototherapy.
C. Ensuring the newborn is covered or clothed may interfere with the effectiveness of phototherapy.
D. Covering the newborn's eyes with protective shields or patches while under the bililights helps prevent damage to the eyes from the bright light.
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