The nurse is inspecting the genitals of a prepubescent girl. Which is a normal sign of the onset of puberty?

A. The use of car seats and other safety measures is crucial for the child's safety and is a standard part of a functional history to ensure that the child is being protected from common household and travel-related injuries.

B. The use of supplements and vitamins can significantly impact a child's health, especially at a developmental age, and should be monitored and recorded.

C. Prenatal and perinatal histories are typically reviewed during initial visits and not necessarily part of a routine functional history for a 2-year-old unless there are ongoing health issues related to birth.

D. The child's race and ethnicity are important for demographic data but are not typically part of a functional history unless there are specific cultural practices or genetic predispositions that affect the child's health.

E. The child's toileting habits are an important aspect of their development and daily functioning, and changes or issues in this area can indicate health concerns.

A. Narrower nasal passages can lead to increased airway resistance and difficulty in breathing, as infants are primarily nasal breathers.

B. A smaller tongue does not directly contribute to respiratory compromise; however, it can pose a risk for airway obstruction if the tongue falls back against the oropharynx.

C. Significantly fewer alveoli mean less surface area for gas exchange, which can impair oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination.

D. A more funnel-shaped larynx can predispose infants to upper airway obstruction and increase the work of breathing.

E. Less compliant trachea and chest wall make it harder for the infant to expand the lungs, leading to increased work of breathing and potential respiratory distress.