The nurse is caring for an elderly client with type II diabetes who has had nausea, vomiting and diarrhea for several days and who now is disoriented and listless. Initial vital signs: B/P 72/62, pulse 146 irregular and thready, respirations 38 breaths per minute and shallow, and temperature of 97.0 F rectally. The skin is cool and clammy. The nurse recognizes that this client's symptoms are most indicative of which stage and type of shock? The:
initial stage of septic shock.
refractory stage of obstructive shock.
progressive stage of hypovolemic shock.
compensatory stage of diabetic shock.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Initial stage of septic shock
Septic shock typically presents with warm, flushed skin in the early phase due to vasodilation. This client has cold and clammy skin, which is more consistent with hypovolemic shock.
B. Refractory stage of obstructive shock
Obstructive shock (e.g., from cardiac tamponade or pulmonary embolism) would present with jugular vein distention, muffled heart sounds, or severe respiratory distress, which are not seen in this case.
C. Progressive stage of hypovolemic shock
The client has classic signs of hypovolemic shock due to fluid loss (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). The progressive stage is indicated by hypotension, tachycardia, and end-organ dysfunction (altered mental status, cool/clammy skin).
D. Compensatory stage of diabetic shock
"Diabetic shock" is not a standard classification of shock. The compensatory stage would still have an adequate blood pressure due to SNS activation, but this patient already has profound hypotension.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["31"]
Explanation
Flow rate=(Total volume×Drop factor​)÷ Time in minutes
= (250×15)÷120
= 31.25
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Follows an object with eyes without nystagmus or strabismus
Cranial nerves III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear), and VI (abducens) control eye movement. CN XI does not control eye movement.
B. Moves the tongue out midline without tremors or deviation
Cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve) controls tongue movement.
C. Moves the head and shoulders against resistance with equal strength
Cranial nerve XI (spinal accessory nerve) controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. If intact, the client can shrug shoulders and turn the head against resistance with equal strength.
D. Demonstrates full range of the neck
Full range of motion in the neck involves multiple muscles, not just those innervated by CN XI.
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