The correct answer is A. Praise the client for her actions and offer to discuss ways to decrease consumption even more.

Why? During pregnancy, any amount of alcohol poses a risk to the developing fetus, but abruptly shaming or forcing action may not be effective. The best approach is motivational interviewing, which involves acknowledging the client's reduction while encouraging further progress. A supportive conversation can help guide the client toward complete cessation of alcohol use.

Here’s why the other options are incorrect:

• B. Insist that the client stop all alcohol use and draw a blood alcohol level at each prenatal visit – While alcohol cessation is the goal, forcing the client without a supportive approach can lead to resistance. Routine blood alcohol testing is not standard unless substance dependence is suspected.

• C. Notify child protective services of the client’s illicit drug use and probable child endangerment – Alcohol is not classified as an illicit drug, and reporting at this stage would be premature unless clear evidence of abuse or harm to the fetus exists.

• D. Refer the client to an outpatient alcohol abuse program for disulfiram therapy – Disulfiram (Antabuse) is not recommended in pregnancy, as it may cause adverse effects. Instead, behavioral counseling and support groups are preferred interventions.

Choice A rationale

Keeping plastic bags of ice in the freezer is not specifically indicative of successful management of hemophilia. While ice can be used to manage acute joint bleeds, it does not reflect the overall management of the condition.

Choice B rationale

Wearing extra pads when playing football could indicate an awareness of the risk of injury, but it does not necessarily reflect successful management of hemophilia. In fact, contact sports like football are generally not recommended for individuals with hemophilia due to the risk of bleeding.

Choice C rationale

Serving as a counselor at a camp for hemophiliacs could indicate successful management of hemophilia. It suggests that the individual has not only learned to manage their own condition, but is also able to provide guidance and support to others with the same condition.

Choice D rationale

Chewing food slowly to prevent injury to the gums is a precautionary measure, but it does not necessarily indicate successful management of hemophilia.